Neonatal Feeding Intolerance and Its Characteristics: A Descriptive Study

Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) is common in preterm infants leading to feeding and gastrointestinal disruptions. FI in newborns can be a sign of a variety of problems, ranging from minor, self-limiting illnesses to serious ones. Many causes are found to cause FI such as low intestinal motility, bacterial colonization, hormonal response, and local immunity response. We aim to find out the characteristics of full-term neonates with FI during the neonatal hospitalization period. Methods: This is a descriptive study that was conducted at King Hamad University Hospital in Bahrain. Our targeted population included neonates with FI. Full-term neonates (gestational age, GA >36 weeks) with lower than 1 week of age were included. Data were investigated and compared with the mode of delivery. Results: In this study, 46 neonates were included and their characteristics of FI were evaluated. The most common symptoms observed in neonates with FI were vomiting (91.3%) and abdominal distension (8.7%). Of the total cases, 52.2% of neonates were born through Cesarean section (C-section), while 47.8% had a vaginal delivery. All the neonates had normal APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) scores. C-section cases had more vomiting problems than vaginal delivery cases. Abdominal distention was noted more in neonates born via vaginal delivery when compared to C-section. Conclusion: During hospitalization after birth, refusal to feed with frequent vomiting or abdominal distension is a common characteristic of FI in neonates. Newborns with this condition require constant monitoring and supportive care from competent nurses.