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The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

In the 21(st) century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially clear. New biotechnological advances in vaccinolog...

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Autores principales: Rando, Halie M., Lordan, Ronan, Kolla, Likhitha, Sell, Elizabeth, Lee, Alexandra J., Wellhausen, Nils, Naik, Amruta, Kamil, Jeremy P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cornell University 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36263086
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author Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
author_facet Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
author_sort Rando, Halie M.
collection PubMed
description In the 21(st) century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially clear. New biotechnological advances in vaccinology allow for recent advances that provide only the nucleic acid building blocks of an antigen, eliminating many safety concerns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these DNA and RNA vaccines have facilitated the development and deployment of vaccines at an unprecedented pace. This success was attributable at least in part to broader shifts in scientific research relative to prior epidemics; the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was available as early as January 2020, facilitating global efforts in the development of DNA and RNA vaccines within two weeks of the international community becoming aware of the new viral threat. Additionally, these technologies that were previously only theoretical are not only safe but also highly efficacious. Although historically a slow process, the rapid development of vaccines during the COVID-19 crisis reveals a major shift in vaccine technologies. Here, we provide historical context for the emergence of these paradigm-shifting vaccines. We describe several DNA and RNA vaccines and in terms of their efficacy, safety, and approval status. We also discuss patterns in worldwide distribution. The advances made since early 2020 provide an exceptional illustration of how rapidly vaccine development technology has advanced in the last two decades in particular and suggest a new era in vaccines against emerging pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-95803862022-10-20 The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19 Rando, Halie M. Lordan, Ronan Kolla, Likhitha Sell, Elizabeth Lee, Alexandra J. Wellhausen, Nils Naik, Amruta Kamil, Jeremy P. ArXiv Article In the 21(st) century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially clear. New biotechnological advances in vaccinology allow for recent advances that provide only the nucleic acid building blocks of an antigen, eliminating many safety concerns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these DNA and RNA vaccines have facilitated the development and deployment of vaccines at an unprecedented pace. This success was attributable at least in part to broader shifts in scientific research relative to prior epidemics; the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was available as early as January 2020, facilitating global efforts in the development of DNA and RNA vaccines within two weeks of the international community becoming aware of the new viral threat. Additionally, these technologies that were previously only theoretical are not only safe but also highly efficacious. Although historically a slow process, the rapid development of vaccines during the COVID-19 crisis reveals a major shift in vaccine technologies. Here, we provide historical context for the emergence of these paradigm-shifting vaccines. We describe several DNA and RNA vaccines and in terms of their efficacy, safety, and approval status. We also discuss patterns in worldwide distribution. The advances made since early 2020 provide an exceptional illustration of how rapidly vaccine development technology has advanced in the last two decades in particular and suggest a new era in vaccines against emerging pathogens. Cornell University 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9580386/ /pubmed/36263086 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
spellingShingle Article
Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_full The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_fullStr The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_short The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_sort coming of age of nucleic acid vaccines during covid-19
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36263086
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