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Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep tissue HIV reservoirs, especially within the central nervous system (CNS), are understudied due to the challenges of sampling brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Understanding the cellular characteristics and viral dynamics in CNS reservoirs is critical so that HIV cure tr...

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Autores principales: Riggs, Patricia K., Chaillon, Antoine, Jiang, Guochun, Letendre, Scott L., Tang, Yuyang, Taylor, Jeff, Kaytes, Andrew, Smith, Davey M., Dubé, Karine, Gianella, Sara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36260191
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00628-8
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author Riggs, Patricia K.
Chaillon, Antoine
Jiang, Guochun
Letendre, Scott L.
Tang, Yuyang
Taylor, Jeff
Kaytes, Andrew
Smith, Davey M.
Dubé, Karine
Gianella, Sara
author_facet Riggs, Patricia K.
Chaillon, Antoine
Jiang, Guochun
Letendre, Scott L.
Tang, Yuyang
Taylor, Jeff
Kaytes, Andrew
Smith, Davey M.
Dubé, Karine
Gianella, Sara
author_sort Riggs, Patricia K.
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep tissue HIV reservoirs, especially within the central nervous system (CNS), are understudied due to the challenges of sampling brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Understanding the cellular characteristics and viral dynamics in CNS reservoirs is critical so that HIV cure trials can address them and monitor the direct and indirect effects of interventions. The Last Gift program was developed to address these needs by enrolling altruistic people with HIV (PWH) at the end of life who agree to rapid research autopsy. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings from the Last Gift emphasize significant heterogeneity across CNS reservoirs, CNS compartmentalization including differential sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, and bidirectional migration of HIV across the blood–brain barrier. Our findings add support for the potential of CNS reservoirs to be a source of rebounding viruses and reseeding of systemic sites if they are not targeted by cure strategies. SUMMARY: This review highlights important scientific, practical, and ethical lessons learned from the Last Gift program in the context of recent advances in understanding the CNS reservoirs and key knowledge gaps in current research.
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spelling pubmed-95804512022-10-19 Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program Riggs, Patricia K. Chaillon, Antoine Jiang, Guochun Letendre, Scott L. Tang, Yuyang Taylor, Jeff Kaytes, Andrew Smith, Davey M. Dubé, Karine Gianella, Sara Curr HIV/AIDS Rep Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor) PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep tissue HIV reservoirs, especially within the central nervous system (CNS), are understudied due to the challenges of sampling brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Understanding the cellular characteristics and viral dynamics in CNS reservoirs is critical so that HIV cure trials can address them and monitor the direct and indirect effects of interventions. The Last Gift program was developed to address these needs by enrolling altruistic people with HIV (PWH) at the end of life who agree to rapid research autopsy. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings from the Last Gift emphasize significant heterogeneity across CNS reservoirs, CNS compartmentalization including differential sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, and bidirectional migration of HIV across the blood–brain barrier. Our findings add support for the potential of CNS reservoirs to be a source of rebounding viruses and reseeding of systemic sites if they are not targeted by cure strategies. SUMMARY: This review highlights important scientific, practical, and ethical lessons learned from the Last Gift program in the context of recent advances in understanding the CNS reservoirs and key knowledge gaps in current research. Springer US 2022-10-19 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9580451/ /pubmed/36260191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00628-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
Riggs, Patricia K.
Chaillon, Antoine
Jiang, Guochun
Letendre, Scott L.
Tang, Yuyang
Taylor, Jeff
Kaytes, Andrew
Smith, Davey M.
Dubé, Karine
Gianella, Sara
Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title_full Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title_fullStr Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title_full_unstemmed Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title_short Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
title_sort lessons for understanding central nervous system hiv reservoirs from the last gift program
topic Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36260191
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00628-8
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