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Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study

INTRODUCTION: Barriers to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use in the United States have been described in prior studies, but few have focused on women's income status. We explored associations between income status and perceived LARC barriers in a community-based sample of reproduct...

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Autores principales: Henke, Leah, Martins, Summer, Boraas, Christy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303668
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.856866
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author Henke, Leah
Martins, Summer
Boraas, Christy
author_facet Henke, Leah
Martins, Summer
Boraas, Christy
author_sort Henke, Leah
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Barriers to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use in the United States have been described in prior studies, but few have focused on women's income status. We explored associations between income status and perceived LARC barriers in a community-based sample of reproductive-aged women. METHODS: Non-pregnant, heterosexually active women aged 18 to 40 years completed a cross-sectional survey at a large community event in the Midwestern U.S. in 2018. Outcome measures were comprised of 26 survey items gauging perceived barriers to LARC use (e.g., access barriers, side effects). We estimated crude and age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for each outcome by participants' income status: low-income (≤ 200% of federal poverty guideline) versus higher income. RESULTS: Low-income women (n = 72) were significantly more likely than higher income women (n = 183) to endorse 11 of the 26 barriers to LARC use (PR range, 1.23–7.63). Cost of LARC was the most frequently identified access barrier and was more acute for low-income women (PR 1.57, 95% CI 1.17–2.11). After adjustment for age, most associations were attenuated. However, low-income women were still more likely to report concerns about LARC use due to family expectations or beliefs (aPR 3.69, 95% CI 1.15–11.8). CONCLUSION: Low-income women perceive more barriers to LARC access and more negative perceptions about use. While these associations also correlate with age, they nonetheless reflect concerns that impact contraceptive equity. Efforts to increase LARC access should address these barriers and focus on concerns more common among low-income women regarding LARC use.
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spelling pubmed-95806912022-10-26 Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study Henke, Leah Martins, Summer Boraas, Christy Front Reprod Health Reproductive Health INTRODUCTION: Barriers to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use in the United States have been described in prior studies, but few have focused on women's income status. We explored associations between income status and perceived LARC barriers in a community-based sample of reproductive-aged women. METHODS: Non-pregnant, heterosexually active women aged 18 to 40 years completed a cross-sectional survey at a large community event in the Midwestern U.S. in 2018. Outcome measures were comprised of 26 survey items gauging perceived barriers to LARC use (e.g., access barriers, side effects). We estimated crude and age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for each outcome by participants' income status: low-income (≤ 200% of federal poverty guideline) versus higher income. RESULTS: Low-income women (n = 72) were significantly more likely than higher income women (n = 183) to endorse 11 of the 26 barriers to LARC use (PR range, 1.23–7.63). Cost of LARC was the most frequently identified access barrier and was more acute for low-income women (PR 1.57, 95% CI 1.17–2.11). After adjustment for age, most associations were attenuated. However, low-income women were still more likely to report concerns about LARC use due to family expectations or beliefs (aPR 3.69, 95% CI 1.15–11.8). CONCLUSION: Low-income women perceive more barriers to LARC access and more negative perceptions about use. While these associations also correlate with age, they nonetheless reflect concerns that impact contraceptive equity. Efforts to increase LARC access should address these barriers and focus on concerns more common among low-income women regarding LARC use. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9580691/ /pubmed/36303668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.856866 Text en Copyright © 2022 Henke, Martins and Boraas. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Reproductive Health
Henke, Leah
Martins, Summer
Boraas, Christy
Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title_full Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title_fullStr Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title_full_unstemmed Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title_short Associations Between Income Status and Perceived Barriers to Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Exploratory Study
title_sort associations between income status and perceived barriers to using long-acting reversible contraception: an exploratory study
topic Reproductive Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303668
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.856866
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