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Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota

The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplificatio...

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Autores principales: de Oliveira, Nayara Santos, de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão, de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino, Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves, Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira, Eleutério, José
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931
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author de Oliveira, Nayara Santos
de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão
de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino
Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira
Eleutério, José
author_facet de Oliveira, Nayara Santos
de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão
de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino
Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira
Eleutério, José
author_sort de Oliveira, Nayara Santos
collection PubMed
description The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing study demonstrated that healthy women have community state types (CST), classified as; type “L,” with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, type II, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri, type III, where Lactobacillus iners predominates, and type V with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Type IV does not identify lactobacilli but a heterogeneous population of bacteria. There seems to be a relationship between increased vaginal bacterial diversity and poverty of lactobacilli with the complaining of vaginal dryness. With menopause, there appears to be a reduction in lactobacilli associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower estrogen levels. The evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears in postmenopause women must take into account the clinical-laboratory correlation. We should observe two meanly possibilities, atrophy with few bacterial morphotypes, without inflammatory, infiltrate (atrophy without inflammation), and atrophy with evident inflammatory infiltrate (atrophy with inflammation or atrophic vaginitis). The relationship between the microbiome and postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms seems to be related to the bacterial vaginal population. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm this impression.
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spelling pubmed-95807462022-10-26 Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota de Oliveira, Nayara Santos de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira Eleutério, José Front Reprod Health Reproductive Health The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing study demonstrated that healthy women have community state types (CST), classified as; type “L,” with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, type II, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri, type III, where Lactobacillus iners predominates, and type V with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Type IV does not identify lactobacilli but a heterogeneous population of bacteria. There seems to be a relationship between increased vaginal bacterial diversity and poverty of lactobacilli with the complaining of vaginal dryness. With menopause, there appears to be a reduction in lactobacilli associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower estrogen levels. The evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears in postmenopause women must take into account the clinical-laboratory correlation. We should observe two meanly possibilities, atrophy with few bacterial morphotypes, without inflammatory, infiltrate (atrophy without inflammation), and atrophy with evident inflammatory infiltrate (atrophy with inflammation or atrophic vaginitis). The relationship between the microbiome and postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms seems to be related to the bacterial vaginal population. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm this impression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9580746/ /pubmed/36304005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931 Text en Copyright © 2022 Oliveira, Lima, Brito, Sarmento, Gonçalves and Eleutério https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Reproductive Health
de Oliveira, Nayara Santos
de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão
de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino
Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira
Eleutério, José
Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title_full Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title_fullStr Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title_short Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
title_sort postmenopausal vaginal microbiome and microbiota
topic Reproductive Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931
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