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Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota
The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplificatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931 |
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author | de Oliveira, Nayara Santos de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira Eleutério, José |
author_facet | de Oliveira, Nayara Santos de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira Eleutério, José |
author_sort | de Oliveira, Nayara Santos |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing study demonstrated that healthy women have community state types (CST), classified as; type “L,” with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, type II, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri, type III, where Lactobacillus iners predominates, and type V with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Type IV does not identify lactobacilli but a heterogeneous population of bacteria. There seems to be a relationship between increased vaginal bacterial diversity and poverty of lactobacilli with the complaining of vaginal dryness. With menopause, there appears to be a reduction in lactobacilli associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower estrogen levels. The evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears in postmenopause women must take into account the clinical-laboratory correlation. We should observe two meanly possibilities, atrophy with few bacterial morphotypes, without inflammatory, infiltrate (atrophy without inflammation), and atrophy with evident inflammatory infiltrate (atrophy with inflammation or atrophic vaginitis). The relationship between the microbiome and postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms seems to be related to the bacterial vaginal population. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm this impression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9580746 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95807462022-10-26 Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota de Oliveira, Nayara Santos de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira Eleutério, José Front Reprod Health Reproductive Health The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing study demonstrated that healthy women have community state types (CST), classified as; type “L,” with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, type II, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri, type III, where Lactobacillus iners predominates, and type V with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Type IV does not identify lactobacilli but a heterogeneous population of bacteria. There seems to be a relationship between increased vaginal bacterial diversity and poverty of lactobacilli with the complaining of vaginal dryness. With menopause, there appears to be a reduction in lactobacilli associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower estrogen levels. The evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears in postmenopause women must take into account the clinical-laboratory correlation. We should observe two meanly possibilities, atrophy with few bacterial morphotypes, without inflammatory, infiltrate (atrophy without inflammation), and atrophy with evident inflammatory infiltrate (atrophy with inflammation or atrophic vaginitis). The relationship between the microbiome and postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms seems to be related to the bacterial vaginal population. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm this impression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9580746/ /pubmed/36304005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931 Text en Copyright © 2022 Oliveira, Lima, Brito, Sarmento, Gonçalves and Eleutério https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Reproductive Health de Oliveira, Nayara Santos de Lima, Ana Beatriz Feijão de Brito, Juliana Carvalho Regino Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Silveira Eleutério, José Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title | Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title_full | Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title_fullStr | Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed | Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title_short | Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota |
title_sort | postmenopausal vaginal microbiome and microbiota |
topic | Reproductive Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.780931 |
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