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Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably imp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398 |
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author | Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira Vieira-Baptista, Pedro Giraldo, Paulo César Eleutério, José Gonçalves, Ana Katherine |
author_facet | Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira Vieira-Baptista, Pedro Giraldo, Paulo César Eleutério, José Gonçalves, Ana Katherine |
author_sort | Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves |
collection | PubMed |
description | Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably impair health, sexual function, consequently the quality of life of these women. The main signs and symptoms of GSM include, among others, burning, irritation, vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms of urgency, dysuria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. The diagnosis can be made through anamnesis, questionnaires, physical exams, and, sometimes, complementary exams. Objective vaginal assessment is essential and can be complemented by using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI), or vaginal pH measurement. The acknowledgment of this condition by health professionals is crucial for its identification and proper management and exclusion of other conditions that make a differential diagnosis with it. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9580828 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95808282022-10-26 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira Vieira-Baptista, Pedro Giraldo, Paulo César Eleutério, José Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Front Reprod Health Reproductive Health Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably impair health, sexual function, consequently the quality of life of these women. The main signs and symptoms of GSM include, among others, burning, irritation, vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms of urgency, dysuria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. The diagnosis can be made through anamnesis, questionnaires, physical exams, and, sometimes, complementary exams. Objective vaginal assessment is essential and can be complemented by using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI), or vaginal pH measurement. The acknowledgment of this condition by health professionals is crucial for its identification and proper management and exclusion of other conditions that make a differential diagnosis with it. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9580828/ /pubmed/36304000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sarmento, Costa, Vieira-Baptista, Giraldo, Eleutério and Gonçalves. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Reproductive Health Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira Vieira-Baptista, Pedro Giraldo, Paulo César Eleutério, José Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title | Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title_full | Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title_fullStr | Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title_full_unstemmed | Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title_short | Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic |
title_sort | genitourinary syndrome of menopause: epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestation and diagnostic |
topic | Reproductive Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398 |
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