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Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably imp...

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Autores principales: Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves, Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira, Vieira-Baptista, Pedro, Giraldo, Paulo César, Eleutério, José, Gonçalves, Ana Katherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304000
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398
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author Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Giraldo, Paulo César
Eleutério, José
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine
author_facet Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Giraldo, Paulo César
Eleutério, José
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine
author_sort Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
collection PubMed
description Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably impair health, sexual function, consequently the quality of life of these women. The main signs and symptoms of GSM include, among others, burning, irritation, vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms of urgency, dysuria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. The diagnosis can be made through anamnesis, questionnaires, physical exams, and, sometimes, complementary exams. Objective vaginal assessment is essential and can be complemented by using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI), or vaginal pH measurement. The acknowledgment of this condition by health professionals is crucial for its identification and proper management and exclusion of other conditions that make a differential diagnosis with it.
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spelling pubmed-95808282022-10-26 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira Vieira-Baptista, Pedro Giraldo, Paulo César Eleutério, José Gonçalves, Ana Katherine Front Reprod Health Reproductive Health Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a term used to define a compilation of signs and symptoms arising from decreased estrogenic stimulation of the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract. Among 27–84% of women in postmenopausal are affected for symptoms of GSM, and these can unquestionably impair health, sexual function, consequently the quality of life of these women. The main signs and symptoms of GSM include, among others, burning, irritation, vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms of urgency, dysuria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. The diagnosis can be made through anamnesis, questionnaires, physical exams, and, sometimes, complementary exams. Objective vaginal assessment is essential and can be complemented by using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI), or vaginal pH measurement. The acknowledgment of this condition by health professionals is crucial for its identification and proper management and exclusion of other conditions that make a differential diagnosis with it. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9580828/ /pubmed/36304000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sarmento, Costa, Vieira-Baptista, Giraldo, Eleutério and Gonçalves. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Reproductive Health
Sarmento, Ayane Cristine Alves
Costa, Ana Paula Ferreira
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Giraldo, Paulo César
Eleutério, José
Gonçalves, Ana Katherine
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title_full Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title_fullStr Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title_full_unstemmed Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title_short Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Epidemiology, Physiopathology, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
title_sort genitourinary syndrome of menopause: epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestation and diagnostic
topic Reproductive Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36304000
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frph.2021.779398
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