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Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy
This study aimed to fabricate a heterogeneous phantom replicating the commercial Rando phantom by mixing plaster powder and polylactic acid (PLA) powder. Producing a heterogeneous phantom using Plaster and PLA is cheaper because it can be easily obtained in the commercial market. Additionally, patie...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9581964/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36261615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22520-6 |
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author | Kim, Sung Yeop Park, Jae Won Park, Jaehyeon Yea, Ji Woon Oh, Se An |
author_facet | Kim, Sung Yeop Park, Jae Won Park, Jaehyeon Yea, Ji Woon Oh, Se An |
author_sort | Kim, Sung Yeop |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to fabricate a heterogeneous phantom replicating the commercial Rando phantom by mixing plaster powder and polylactic acid (PLA) powder. Producing a heterogeneous phantom using Plaster and PLA is cheaper because it can be easily obtained in the commercial market. Additionally, patient-specific Quality Assurance can be easily performed because the phantom can be produced based on the patient’s CT image. PLA has been well studied in the field of radiation therapy and was found to be safe and effective. To match the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the Rando phantom, the bone tissue was changed using plaster and 0–35% PLA powder until an appropriate HU value was obtained, and soft tissue was changed using the PLA infill value until an appropriate HU value was obtained. Bone tissue (200 HU or higher), soft issue (− 500 to 200 HU), and air cavity (less than − 500 HU) were modeled based on the HU values on the computed tomography (CT) image. The bone tissue was modeled as a cavity, and after three-dimensional (3D) printing, a solution containing a mixture of plaster and PLA powder was poured. To evaluate the bone implementation of the phantom obtained by the mixture of plaster and PLA powder, the HU profile of the CT images of the 3D-printed phantom using only PLA and the Rando phantom printed using only PLA was evaluated. The mean HU value for soft tissue in the Rando phantom (− 22.5 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the result obtained with an infill value of 82% (− 20 HU). The mean HU value for bone tissue (669 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the value obtained with 15% PLA powder (680 HU). Thus, for the phantom composed of plaster mixed with PLA powder, soft tissue was fabricated using a 3D printer with an infill value of 82%, and bone tissue was fabricated with a mixture containing 15% PLA powder. In the HU profile, this phantom showed a mean difference of 61 HU for soft tissue and 109 HU for bone tissue in comparison with the Rando phantom. The ratio of PLA powder and plaster can be adjusted to achieve an HU value similar to bone tissue. A simple combination of PLA powder and plaster enabled the creation of a custom phantom that showed similarities to the Rando phantom in both soft tissue and bone tissue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9581964 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95819642022-10-21 Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy Kim, Sung Yeop Park, Jae Won Park, Jaehyeon Yea, Ji Woon Oh, Se An Sci Rep Article This study aimed to fabricate a heterogeneous phantom replicating the commercial Rando phantom by mixing plaster powder and polylactic acid (PLA) powder. Producing a heterogeneous phantom using Plaster and PLA is cheaper because it can be easily obtained in the commercial market. Additionally, patient-specific Quality Assurance can be easily performed because the phantom can be produced based on the patient’s CT image. PLA has been well studied in the field of radiation therapy and was found to be safe and effective. To match the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the Rando phantom, the bone tissue was changed using plaster and 0–35% PLA powder until an appropriate HU value was obtained, and soft tissue was changed using the PLA infill value until an appropriate HU value was obtained. Bone tissue (200 HU or higher), soft issue (− 500 to 200 HU), and air cavity (less than − 500 HU) were modeled based on the HU values on the computed tomography (CT) image. The bone tissue was modeled as a cavity, and after three-dimensional (3D) printing, a solution containing a mixture of plaster and PLA powder was poured. To evaluate the bone implementation of the phantom obtained by the mixture of plaster and PLA powder, the HU profile of the CT images of the 3D-printed phantom using only PLA and the Rando phantom printed using only PLA was evaluated. The mean HU value for soft tissue in the Rando phantom (− 22.5 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the result obtained with an infill value of 82% (− 20 HU). The mean HU value for bone tissue (669 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the value obtained with 15% PLA powder (680 HU). Thus, for the phantom composed of plaster mixed with PLA powder, soft tissue was fabricated using a 3D printer with an infill value of 82%, and bone tissue was fabricated with a mixture containing 15% PLA powder. In the HU profile, this phantom showed a mean difference of 61 HU for soft tissue and 109 HU for bone tissue in comparison with the Rando phantom. The ratio of PLA powder and plaster can be adjusted to achieve an HU value similar to bone tissue. A simple combination of PLA powder and plaster enabled the creation of a custom phantom that showed similarities to the Rando phantom in both soft tissue and bone tissue. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9581964/ /pubmed/36261615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22520-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Sung Yeop Park, Jae Won Park, Jaehyeon Yea, Ji Woon Oh, Se An Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title | Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title_full | Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title_fullStr | Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title_short | Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
title_sort | fabrication of 3d printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific qa in intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9581964/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36261615 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22520-6 |
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