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System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed specialized mechanisms to parasitize its host cell, the macrophage. These mechanisms allow it to overcome killing by oxidative burst and persist in the wake of an inflammatory response. Mtb infection in the majority of those exposed is controlled in an...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9583676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36275677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.777733 |
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author | Gough, Maya Singh, Dhiraj K. Singh, Bindu Kaushal, Deepak Mehra, Smriti |
author_facet | Gough, Maya Singh, Dhiraj K. Singh, Bindu Kaushal, Deepak Mehra, Smriti |
author_sort | Gough, Maya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed specialized mechanisms to parasitize its host cell, the macrophage. These mechanisms allow it to overcome killing by oxidative burst and persist in the wake of an inflammatory response. Mtb infection in the majority of those exposed is controlled in an asymptomatic form referred to as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). HIV is a well-known catalyst of reactivation of LTBI to active TB infection (ATB). Through the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) co-infected with Mtb and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (Mtb/SIV), we are able to simulate human progression of TB/AIDS comorbidity. The advantage of NHP models is that they recapitulate the breadth of human TB outcomes, including immune control of infection, and loss of this control due to SIV co-infection. Identifying correlates of immune control of infection is important for both vaccine and therapeutics development. Using macaques infected with Mtb or Mtb/SIV and with different clinical outcomes we attempted to identify signatures between those that progress to active infection after SIV challenge (reactivators) and those that control the infection (non-reactivators). We particularly focused on pathways relevant to myeloid origin cells such as macrophages, as these innate immunocytes have an important contribution to the initial control or the lack thereof, following Mtb infection. Using bacterial burden, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other clinical indicators of disease severity as a guide, we were able to establish gene signatures of host disease state and progression. In addition to gene signatures, clustering algorithms were used to differentiate between host disease states and identify relationships between genes. This allowed us to identify clusters of genes which exhibited differential expression profiles between the three groups of macaques: ATB, LTBI and Mtb/SIV. The gene signatures were associated with pathways relevant to apoptosis, ATP production, phagocytosis, cell migration, and Type I interferon (IFN), which are related to macrophage function. Our results suggest novel macrophage functions that may play roles in the control of Mtb infection with and without co-infection with SIV. These results particularly point towards an interplay between Type I IFN signaling and IFN-γ signaling, and the resulting impact on lung macrophages as an important determinant of progression to TB. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9583676 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95836762022-10-21 System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection Gough, Maya Singh, Dhiraj K. Singh, Bindu Kaushal, Deepak Mehra, Smriti Front Immunol Immunology Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed specialized mechanisms to parasitize its host cell, the macrophage. These mechanisms allow it to overcome killing by oxidative burst and persist in the wake of an inflammatory response. Mtb infection in the majority of those exposed is controlled in an asymptomatic form referred to as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). HIV is a well-known catalyst of reactivation of LTBI to active TB infection (ATB). Through the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) co-infected with Mtb and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (Mtb/SIV), we are able to simulate human progression of TB/AIDS comorbidity. The advantage of NHP models is that they recapitulate the breadth of human TB outcomes, including immune control of infection, and loss of this control due to SIV co-infection. Identifying correlates of immune control of infection is important for both vaccine and therapeutics development. Using macaques infected with Mtb or Mtb/SIV and with different clinical outcomes we attempted to identify signatures between those that progress to active infection after SIV challenge (reactivators) and those that control the infection (non-reactivators). We particularly focused on pathways relevant to myeloid origin cells such as macrophages, as these innate immunocytes have an important contribution to the initial control or the lack thereof, following Mtb infection. Using bacterial burden, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other clinical indicators of disease severity as a guide, we were able to establish gene signatures of host disease state and progression. In addition to gene signatures, clustering algorithms were used to differentiate between host disease states and identify relationships between genes. This allowed us to identify clusters of genes which exhibited differential expression profiles between the three groups of macaques: ATB, LTBI and Mtb/SIV. The gene signatures were associated with pathways relevant to apoptosis, ATP production, phagocytosis, cell migration, and Type I interferon (IFN), which are related to macrophage function. Our results suggest novel macrophage functions that may play roles in the control of Mtb infection with and without co-infection with SIV. These results particularly point towards an interplay between Type I IFN signaling and IFN-γ signaling, and the resulting impact on lung macrophages as an important determinant of progression to TB. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9583676/ /pubmed/36275677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.777733 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gough, Singh, Singh, Kaushal and Mehra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Gough, Maya Singh, Dhiraj K. Singh, Bindu Kaushal, Deepak Mehra, Smriti System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title | System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title_full | System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title_fullStr | System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title_full_unstemmed | System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title_short | System-wide identification of myeloid markers of TB disease and HIV-induced reactivation in the macaque model of Mtb infection and Mtb/SIV co-infection |
title_sort | system-wide identification of myeloid markers of tb disease and hiv-induced reactivation in the macaque model of mtb infection and mtb/siv co-infection |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9583676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36275677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.777733 |
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