The use of oral and enteral tube‐fed arginine supplementation in pressure injury care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AIM: Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most common complications related to immobility, especially in hospitalized patients, which lead to increased morbidity, infection and overall decreased quality of life. Arginine supplementation may prevent the development of PIs. This study has summarized the findings of studies on the effect of arginine supplementation on PI healing. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. METHODS: This study was conducted on online electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant clinical trial studies up to September 2020. The pooled effect size of arginine supplement effects on PI was evaluated with standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis with 196 patients. PIs were significantly improved with Arginine supplementation (SMD: −0.6; CI 95%: −0.9 to −0.3, I(2) : 72.5%, p = .001). Subgroup analysis showed that administering Arginine supplement more than 15 g/day had more beneficial effects on the healing of PIs (SMD: −2.8; CI 95%: −4.08 to −1.52, I(2) : 54.7%, p = .138). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the administration of Arginine supplement in patients with PIs can accelerate the healing of this type of ulcer. Arginine is a supplement, and primary treatment is still needed to optimize PI healing. Therefore, arginine supplementation in addition to primary treatment seems to be an appropriate approach for the healing of PIs. Further well‐designed studies are necessary to prevent the development of PIs compared to their primary treatment.