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An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”

Acute pulmonary edema is a serious condition that may occur as a result of increased hydrostatic forces within the lung microvasculature or increased microvascular permeability. Heart failure or other cardiac or renal disease are common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. However, pulmonary edema...

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Autores principales: Tetzlaff, Kay, Swenson, Erik R., Bärtsch, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9585243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36277204
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1007316
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author Tetzlaff, Kay
Swenson, Erik R.
Bärtsch, Peter
author_facet Tetzlaff, Kay
Swenson, Erik R.
Bärtsch, Peter
author_sort Tetzlaff, Kay
collection PubMed
description Acute pulmonary edema is a serious condition that may occur as a result of increased hydrostatic forces within the lung microvasculature or increased microvascular permeability. Heart failure or other cardiac or renal disease are common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. However, pulmonary edema may even occur in young and healthy individuals when exposed to extreme environments, such as immersion in water or at high altitude. Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) share some morphological and clinical characteristics; however, their underlying mechanisms may be different. An emerging understanding of IPE indicates that an increase in pulmonary artery and capillary pressures caused by substantial redistribution of venous blood from the extremities to the chest, in combination with stimuli aggravating the effects of water immersion, such as exercise and cold temperature, play an important role, distinct from hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction in high altitude pulmonary edema. This review aims at a current perspective on both IPE and HAPE, providing a comparative view of clinical presentation and pathophysiology. A particular emphasis will be on recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology and occurrence of IPE with a future perspective on remaining research needs.
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spelling pubmed-95852432022-10-22 An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air” Tetzlaff, Kay Swenson, Erik R. Bärtsch, Peter Front Physiol Physiology Acute pulmonary edema is a serious condition that may occur as a result of increased hydrostatic forces within the lung microvasculature or increased microvascular permeability. Heart failure or other cardiac or renal disease are common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. However, pulmonary edema may even occur in young and healthy individuals when exposed to extreme environments, such as immersion in water or at high altitude. Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) share some morphological and clinical characteristics; however, their underlying mechanisms may be different. An emerging understanding of IPE indicates that an increase in pulmonary artery and capillary pressures caused by substantial redistribution of venous blood from the extremities to the chest, in combination with stimuli aggravating the effects of water immersion, such as exercise and cold temperature, play an important role, distinct from hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction in high altitude pulmonary edema. This review aims at a current perspective on both IPE and HAPE, providing a comparative view of clinical presentation and pathophysiology. A particular emphasis will be on recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology and occurrence of IPE with a future perspective on remaining research needs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9585243/ /pubmed/36277204 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1007316 Text en Copyright © 2022 Tetzlaff, Swenson and Bärtsch. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Tetzlaff, Kay
Swenson, Erik R.
Bärtsch, Peter
An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title_full An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title_fullStr An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title_full_unstemmed An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title_short An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “When the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
title_sort update on environment-induced pulmonary edema – “when the lungs leak under water and in thin air”
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9585243/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36277204
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1007316
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