Clinical Laboratory Results as Prognosis Marker in Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Indonesia

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among men in the world. Given the very high mortality caused by lung cancer, a biological marker to determine a more sensitive therapy among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is needed. This study aims to demonstrate that the clinical laboratory result can be a prognosis marker in NSCLC patients in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. The sample was obtained from the patient's serum and the examined routine blood test (hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelets), hemostasis (fibrinogen and D-dimers), blood chemistry test (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], albumin, urea, creatinine, and blood glucose), electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium) and tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and Cyfra 21-1). Data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Analysis of the data was done to find the survival rate of sociodemographic variables, clinicopathologic variables, and clinic laboratory variables. Results: The study findings showed statistically significant results that were poor prognosis for these following conditions: performance status (PS) 3-4 median survival (MS):26 days, p=<0.001; TNM stage IVb MS:58 days, p=0.001; high leukocyte MS:69 days, p=0.018; low platelet MS:50 days, p=0.013; high D-dimer MS:69 days, p=0.020; low albumin MS:56 days, p=0.001; high sodium MS:15 days, low sodium MS:50 days, p=<0.001; high chloride MS:15 days, low chloride MS:27 days, p=<0.001. Conclusion: In the advanced stage NSCLC, these findings indicate poorer prognoses; PS 3-4, IVb clinical stage, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hyper-coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hyper-hyponatremia, and hyper-hypochloremia. Further studies regarding the correlation between clinical laboratory and survival rate are needed.