Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Azacytidine + Venetoclax in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Relapsed Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of azacytidine + venetoclax in the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHOD: The present study included 20 elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML from January 2019 to January 2021. These patients were randomized into treatment groups (n = 10, azacytidine alone) and control groups (n = 10, azacytidine + venetoclax) by a random number table. The differences in efficacy, adverse reactions, hematology parameters, and immune functions in elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML in two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: The total efficiency for elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML was 90.00% and significantly higher than that in the control group (40.00%), P < 0.05; PLT and WBC after treatment in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Hb was significantly lower than in the control group, P < 0.05; CD4+, CD3+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, P < 0.05; CD4+, CD3+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment were not significantly different between the two groups, P > 0.05; the incidences of adverse reactions were not significantly different between the two groups, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION: Azacytidine + venetoclax in the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed refractory AML could improve efficacy and hematology parameters with high safety, which is of great significance.