Child inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the kidney misdiagnosed as Wilms' tumor: case report

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor with recurrent potential, most commonly occurring in the lung but rarely in the kidney with nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiographic features, thus may be misdiagnosed as primary malignant lesions. We described a 6-year-old boy with renal IMT misdiagnosed as Wilms' tumor and then treated with right nephrectomy. It should be emphasized that in addition to the most common renal tumors in children, IMT should also be taken as a differential diagnosis. It is therefore mandatory to carry out clinical interpretation, careful histologic examination, and immunohistochemical studies collectively to make solid diagnosis.