Effects of mine water on growth characteristics of ryegrass and soil matrix properties

Irrigation with mine water not only improves water resource utilization rates and alleviates water shortages but can also promote crop growth and yields. However, long-term irrigation with mine water can significantly change the physicochemical properties of soil due to its unique mineral content. In this study, two groups of experiments were conducted (pot experiments and soilless cultivation) using mine water from the Fushun mining area to explore its effects on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of ryegrass, as well as soil properties. Mine water irrigation inhibited all of the indicators evaluated in this study, whereas a mixture of clean water and mine water had a stimulatory effect. Interestingly, this stimulatory effect was weakened as the proportion of mine water increased but reached its maximum when the ratio was 2:1. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the irrigation water was weakened as the proportion of clean water increased. The contents of K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in soil were higher than those in the soil matrix, and the content of the nutrient elements N, P and K, and metal cations increased gradually as the mine water ratio increased, and the electrical conductivity increased significantly. Moreover, the pH of the soil decreased steadily (i.e. acidity increased) with increased soil salinity. Our findings indicated that a mixture of mine water from Fushun mining area and clean water at a 1:2 ratio could improve the physiological, growth, and photosynthetic characteristics of ryegrass by enhancing soil quality. Our study thus provides an experimental precedent for the utilization of mine water in ecological restoration and agricultural irrigation, and could therefore serve as a basis for the development of novel strategies for environmental restoration and the utilization of water resources.