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Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth

Dissociative Identity Disorders (DIDs) are controversial psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice and nosology. DID as described in the international classifications has little similarity with the clinical picture of “DID” met in current youth psychiatry. From this Perspective, we hyp...

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Autores principales: Gauld, Christophe, Espi, Pauline, Revol, Olivier, Fourneret, Pierre
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9589448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299545
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.965593
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author Gauld, Christophe
Espi, Pauline
Revol, Olivier
Fourneret, Pierre
author_facet Gauld, Christophe
Espi, Pauline
Revol, Olivier
Fourneret, Pierre
author_sort Gauld, Christophe
collection PubMed
description Dissociative Identity Disorders (DIDs) are controversial psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice and nosology. DID as described in the international classifications has little similarity with the clinical picture of “DID” met in current youth psychiatry. From this Perspective, we hypothesize that this current clinical presentation does not satisfy the categorical criteria of the international classifications. Based on the two terminological challenges related to the definition of DID (i.e., the notion of dissociative disorders and the different meanings of the term identity), we propose to differentiate two distinct entities from each other. The first is medical and listed in diagnostic criteria of international classifications; the second comes from popular culture and refers to the vast majority of clinical presentations received in daily clinical practice—presented under the term Dissociative Identity Conditions (DIC). Since the status of DIC is a hot topic in current clinical psychiatry, we aim to identify eight possible explanations that can be provided to support its occurrence: (1) impact of iatrogenicity; (2) factors of suggestibility and desire for social acceptability; (3) psychoanalytic explanations; (4) neuropsychological explanations; (5) socio-cognitive explanations; (6) emotional labeling; (7) narrative explanations; (8) and transient illnesses explanations. In conclusion, we sustain that DIC results from a narrative interpretation of medical discourse by popular culture, developing in patients presenting undeniable distress. Such a transient disease fits in an ecological niche, which echoes the values of society, persisting under the action of a need for narrative continuity of the self.
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spelling pubmed-95894482022-10-25 Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth Gauld, Christophe Espi, Pauline Revol, Olivier Fourneret, Pierre Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Dissociative Identity Disorders (DIDs) are controversial psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice and nosology. DID as described in the international classifications has little similarity with the clinical picture of “DID” met in current youth psychiatry. From this Perspective, we hypothesize that this current clinical presentation does not satisfy the categorical criteria of the international classifications. Based on the two terminological challenges related to the definition of DID (i.e., the notion of dissociative disorders and the different meanings of the term identity), we propose to differentiate two distinct entities from each other. The first is medical and listed in diagnostic criteria of international classifications; the second comes from popular culture and refers to the vast majority of clinical presentations received in daily clinical practice—presented under the term Dissociative Identity Conditions (DIC). Since the status of DIC is a hot topic in current clinical psychiatry, we aim to identify eight possible explanations that can be provided to support its occurrence: (1) impact of iatrogenicity; (2) factors of suggestibility and desire for social acceptability; (3) psychoanalytic explanations; (4) neuropsychological explanations; (5) socio-cognitive explanations; (6) emotional labeling; (7) narrative explanations; (8) and transient illnesses explanations. In conclusion, we sustain that DIC results from a narrative interpretation of medical discourse by popular culture, developing in patients presenting undeniable distress. Such a transient disease fits in an ecological niche, which echoes the values of society, persisting under the action of a need for narrative continuity of the self. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9589448/ /pubmed/36299545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.965593 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gauld, Espi, Revol and Fourneret. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Gauld, Christophe
Espi, Pauline
Revol, Olivier
Fourneret, Pierre
Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title_full Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title_fullStr Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title_full_unstemmed Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title_short Explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorders in youth
title_sort explanatory hypotheses of the ecology of new clinical presentations of dissociative identity disorders in youth
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9589448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299545
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.965593
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