Co-design Optimization of a Novel Multi-identity Drone Helicopter (MICOPTER)

Delivery drones have always faced challenges when it comes to reliably deliver packages. This paper introduces a novel concept of a hybrid drone called “MICOPTER” to alleviate this issue. Being able to fly in three modes of aircraft, helicopter, and gyrocopter, the proposed model of the multi-identity helicopter comprises a 2DOF tilting mechanism of rotors and a folding wing system leading to better performance and controllability. To scrutinize the idea, MICOPTER is compared to other types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in terms of different performance parameters. The performance goal of the MICOPTER is the realization of a predetermined standard delivery drone mission based on Amazon Prime Air. According to the relevant literature, the corresponding conceptual design equations are formulated and the traditional matching diagram method is utilized to attain the initial design point. Afterward, a multidisciplinary-feasible design matrix is provided as well as multi-objective optimization to strive for optimal feasible configurations while maximizing cruise velocity and range. Furthermore, the configuration and performance of some of the feasible design points on the final Pareto frontier are compared with the traditional design. Finally, by simulating a typical flight profile and using robust non-linear backstepping control, the controllability of the proposed configuration is investigated. The controller performance is assessed considering its stability and tracking 8-shape trajectory. Results indicate the MICOPTER capabilities as a novel configuration in both terms of design performance and controllability.