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Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry

Since the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, thousands of different cell types have been identified, most recently by sequencing-based single-cell profiling techniques. Yet, for many organisms we still do not know, how many different cell types they ar...

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Autor principal: Semrau, Stefan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9590649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.971721
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author Semrau, Stefan
author_facet Semrau, Stefan
author_sort Semrau, Stefan
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description Since the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, thousands of different cell types have been identified, most recently by sequencing-based single-cell profiling techniques. Yet, for many organisms we still do not know, how many different cell types they are precisely composed of. A recent survey of experimental data, using mostly morphology as a proxy for cell type, revealed allometric scaling of cell type diversity with organism size. Here, I argue from an evolutionary fitness perspective and suggest that three simple assumptions can explain the observed scaling: Evolving a new cell type has, 1. a fitness cost that increases with organism size, 2. a fitness benefit that also increases with organism size but 3. diminishes exponentially with the number of existing cell types. I will show that these assumptions result in a quantitative model that fits the observed cell type numbers across organisms of all size and explains why we should not expect isometric scaling.
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spelling pubmed-95906492022-10-25 Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry Semrau, Stefan Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Since the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, thousands of different cell types have been identified, most recently by sequencing-based single-cell profiling techniques. Yet, for many organisms we still do not know, how many different cell types they are precisely composed of. A recent survey of experimental data, using mostly morphology as a proxy for cell type, revealed allometric scaling of cell type diversity with organism size. Here, I argue from an evolutionary fitness perspective and suggest that three simple assumptions can explain the observed scaling: Evolving a new cell type has, 1. a fitness cost that increases with organism size, 2. a fitness benefit that also increases with organism size but 3. diminishes exponentially with the number of existing cell types. I will show that these assumptions result in a quantitative model that fits the observed cell type numbers across organisms of all size and explains why we should not expect isometric scaling. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9590649/ /pubmed/36299479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.971721 Text en Copyright © 2022 Semrau. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Semrau, Stefan
Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title_full Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title_fullStr Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title_full_unstemmed Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title_short Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
title_sort why isn’t each cell its own cell type? diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9590649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.971721
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