Cargando…

Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis

No standards for the assessment of axillary odor intensity and the effects of therapy for osmidrosis have been established. This study presents an objective method for assessing odor severity in patients with osmidrosis and investigates the volatile odorants and skin flora. METHODS: The odor intensi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kubomura, Ken, Ogawa, Rei, Sasaki, Naori, Ichinose, Shizuko, Akaishi, Satoshi, Kuwahara, Hiroaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299814
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004622
_version_ 1784814923257217024
author Kubomura, Ken
Ogawa, Rei
Sasaki, Naori
Ichinose, Shizuko
Akaishi, Satoshi
Kuwahara, Hiroaki
author_facet Kubomura, Ken
Ogawa, Rei
Sasaki, Naori
Ichinose, Shizuko
Akaishi, Satoshi
Kuwahara, Hiroaki
author_sort Kubomura, Ken
collection PubMed
description No standards for the assessment of axillary odor intensity and the effects of therapy for osmidrosis have been established. This study presents an objective method for assessing odor severity in patients with osmidrosis and investigates the volatile odorants and skin flora. METHODS: The odor intensity was measured pre- and postoperatively using an industrial odor sensor in 79 patients with osmidrosis. Cultures of the axillary skin were obtained during skin flap surgery. Volatile odorants of the patients were assessed using an odor-sensor gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and samples collected from clothing worn by the patients before and after surgery. The skin pH of the axilla was measured before and after surgery. The locations of odorants and bacteria in the skin were observed using electron microscopy. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 28.8 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 4:3. The odor significantly decreased from 52.6 preoperatively to 20.5 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The bacterial flora on the skin included mostly Staphylococcus. Multiple causative substances (volatile proteins) were identified on gas chromatography. The mean preoperative axillary skin pH was 6.21, which was significantly different than that of patients without osmidrosis (5.92; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: An odor sensor accurately assesses odor intensity in patients with osmidrosis. The neutralization of axillary pH may promote the production of odorants by creating the optimal pH for bacterial growth. Odor sensor and pH values can be used pre- and postoperatively as objective assessment measurements for patients with osmidrosis.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9592423
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95924232022-10-25 Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis Kubomura, Ken Ogawa, Rei Sasaki, Naori Ichinose, Shizuko Akaishi, Satoshi Kuwahara, Hiroaki Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Cosmetic No standards for the assessment of axillary odor intensity and the effects of therapy for osmidrosis have been established. This study presents an objective method for assessing odor severity in patients with osmidrosis and investigates the volatile odorants and skin flora. METHODS: The odor intensity was measured pre- and postoperatively using an industrial odor sensor in 79 patients with osmidrosis. Cultures of the axillary skin were obtained during skin flap surgery. Volatile odorants of the patients were assessed using an odor-sensor gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and samples collected from clothing worn by the patients before and after surgery. The skin pH of the axilla was measured before and after surgery. The locations of odorants and bacteria in the skin were observed using electron microscopy. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 28.8 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 4:3. The odor significantly decreased from 52.6 preoperatively to 20.5 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The bacterial flora on the skin included mostly Staphylococcus. Multiple causative substances (volatile proteins) were identified on gas chromatography. The mean preoperative axillary skin pH was 6.21, which was significantly different than that of patients without osmidrosis (5.92; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: An odor sensor accurately assesses odor intensity in patients with osmidrosis. The neutralization of axillary pH may promote the production of odorants by creating the optimal pH for bacterial growth. Odor sensor and pH values can be used pre- and postoperatively as objective assessment measurements for patients with osmidrosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9592423/ /pubmed/36299814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004622 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle Cosmetic
Kubomura, Ken
Ogawa, Rei
Sasaki, Naori
Ichinose, Shizuko
Akaishi, Satoshi
Kuwahara, Hiroaki
Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title_full Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title_fullStr Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title_full_unstemmed Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title_short Objective Odor Assessment in Patients with Osmidrosis
title_sort objective odor assessment in patients with osmidrosis
topic Cosmetic
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299814
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004622
work_keys_str_mv AT kubomuraken objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis
AT ogawarei objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis
AT sasakinaori objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis
AT ichinoseshizuko objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis
AT akaishisatoshi objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis
AT kuwaharahiroaki objectiveodorassessmentinpatientswithosmidrosis