QTL analysis for sodium removal ability in rice leaf sheaths under salinity using an IR-44595/318 F(2) population

Over-accumulation of salt in rice plants is an effect of salt stress which decreases growth and grain yield. Salt removal ability in leaf sheaths is a tolerance mechanism to decrease salt entry and accumulation in leaf blades and maintain photosynthesis under salinity. In this study, a QTL analysis of removal ability of sodium ions (Na(+)) in leaf sheaths and Na(+) accumulation-related traits, was conducted using F(2) population between two rice varieties, IR-44595 with superior Na(+) removal ability, and 318 with contrasting Na(+) removal ability in leaf sheaths under salinity. Suggestive QTLs for Na(+) removal ability in leaf sheaths were found on chromosomes 4 and 11. The suggestive QTL on chromosome 11 overlapped with other significant QTLs for Na(+) concentration in shoots, leaf blades and leaf sheaths, and Na(+)/K(+) ratio in leaf blades. Correlation analysis indicated that Na(+) removal ability in leaf sheaths is important in reducing Na(+) accumulation in leaf blades. The varietal difference of Na(+) removal ability in leaf sheaths at the whole plant level was greater at lower NaCl concentrations and became smaller as the treatment NaCl concentration increased. Although the Na(+) removal ability in leaf sheath was comparable between IR-44595 and 318 under high salinity at the whole plant level, the younger leaves of IR-44595 still showed a higher Na(+) sheath-blade ratio than 318, which implied the Na(+) removal ability functions in the younger leaves in IR-44595 to reduce Na(+) entry in young leaf blades even under high salinity.