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Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia

NorthEast India, with its unique geographic location in the midst of the Himalayas and Bay of Bengal, has served as a passage for the movement of modern humans across the Indian subcontinent and East/Southeast Asia. In this study we look into the population genetics of a unique population called the...

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Autores principales: Tagore, Debashree, Majumder, Partha P., Chatterjee, Anupam, Basu, Analabha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592996/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1023870
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author Tagore, Debashree
Majumder, Partha P.
Chatterjee, Anupam
Basu, Analabha
author_facet Tagore, Debashree
Majumder, Partha P.
Chatterjee, Anupam
Basu, Analabha
author_sort Tagore, Debashree
collection PubMed
description NorthEast India, with its unique geographic location in the midst of the Himalayas and Bay of Bengal, has served as a passage for the movement of modern humans across the Indian subcontinent and East/Southeast Asia. In this study we look into the population genetics of a unique population called the Khasi, speaking a language (also known as the Khasi language) belonging to the Austroasiatic language family and residing amidst the Tibeto-Burman speakers as an isolated population. The Khasi language belongs to one of the three major broad classifications or phyla of the Austroasiatic language and the speakers of the three sub-groups are separated from each other by large geographical distances. The Khasi speakers are separated from their nearest Austroasiatic language-speaking sub-groups: the “Mundari” sub-family from East and peninsular India and the “Mon-Khmers” in Mainland Southeast Asia. We found the Khasi population to be genetically distinct from other Austroasiatic speakers, i.e. Mundaris and Mon-Khmers, but relatively similar to the geographically proximal Tibeto Burmans. The possible reasons for this genetic-linguistic discordance lie in the admixture history of different migration events that originated from East Asia and proceeded possibly towards Southeast Asia. We found at least two distinct migration events from East Asia. While the ancestors of today’s Tibeto-Burman speakers were affected by both, the ancestors of Khasis were insulated from the second migration event. Correlating the linguistic similarity of Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan languages of today’s East Asians, we infer that the second wave of migration resulted in a linguistic transition while the Khasis could preserve their linguistic identity.
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spelling pubmed-95929962022-10-26 Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia Tagore, Debashree Majumder, Partha P. Chatterjee, Anupam Basu, Analabha Front Genet Genetics NorthEast India, with its unique geographic location in the midst of the Himalayas and Bay of Bengal, has served as a passage for the movement of modern humans across the Indian subcontinent and East/Southeast Asia. In this study we look into the population genetics of a unique population called the Khasi, speaking a language (also known as the Khasi language) belonging to the Austroasiatic language family and residing amidst the Tibeto-Burman speakers as an isolated population. The Khasi language belongs to one of the three major broad classifications or phyla of the Austroasiatic language and the speakers of the three sub-groups are separated from each other by large geographical distances. The Khasi speakers are separated from their nearest Austroasiatic language-speaking sub-groups: the “Mundari” sub-family from East and peninsular India and the “Mon-Khmers” in Mainland Southeast Asia. We found the Khasi population to be genetically distinct from other Austroasiatic speakers, i.e. Mundaris and Mon-Khmers, but relatively similar to the geographically proximal Tibeto Burmans. The possible reasons for this genetic-linguistic discordance lie in the admixture history of different migration events that originated from East Asia and proceeded possibly towards Southeast Asia. We found at least two distinct migration events from East Asia. While the ancestors of today’s Tibeto-Burman speakers were affected by both, the ancestors of Khasis were insulated from the second migration event. Correlating the linguistic similarity of Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan languages of today’s East Asians, we infer that the second wave of migration resulted in a linguistic transition while the Khasis could preserve their linguistic identity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9592996/ /pubmed/36303544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1023870 Text en Copyright © 2022 Tagore, Majumder, Chatterjee and Basu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Tagore, Debashree
Majumder, Partha P.
Chatterjee, Anupam
Basu, Analabha
Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title_full Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title_fullStr Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title_short Multiple migrations from East Asia led to linguistic transformation in NorthEast India and mainland Southeast Asia
title_sort multiple migrations from east asia led to linguistic transformation in northeast india and mainland southeast asia
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592996/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1023870
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