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Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany
BACKGROUND: Environmental temperature is a key driver for the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens. Epidemiological models usually relate to temperature data from standardized weather stations, but these data may not capture the relevant scale where mosquitoes experience environmental tempe...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9594938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36280850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2 |
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author | Sauer, Felix Gregor Kiel, Ellen Lühken, Renke |
author_facet | Sauer, Felix Gregor Kiel, Ellen Lühken, Renke |
author_sort | Sauer, Felix Gregor |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Environmental temperature is a key driver for the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens. Epidemiological models usually relate to temperature data from standardized weather stations, but these data may not capture the relevant scale where mosquitoes experience environmental temperatures. As mosquitoes are assumed to spend most of their lifetime in resting sites, we analysed mosquito resting site patterns and the associated temperatures in dependence on the resting site type, resting site height and the surrounding land use. METHODS: The study was conducted in 20 areas in near-natural habitats in Germany. Ten areas were studied in 2017, and another 10 in 2018. Each study area consisted of three sampling sites, where we collected mosquitoes and microclimatic data in artificial (= garden pop-up bags) and natural resting sites at three height levels between 0 and 6 m. Land use of the study sites was characterized as forest and meadows based on reclassified information of the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) Land Cover categories. The hourly resting site temperatures and the data from the nearest weather station of the German meteorological service were used to model the duration of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of mosquito-borne pathogens. RESULTS: Anopheles, Culex and Culiseta preferred artificial resting sites, while Aedes were predominantly collect in natural resting sites. Around 90% of the mosquitoes were collected from resting sites below 2 m. The mosquito species composition did not differ significantly between forest and meadow sites. Mean resting site temperatures near the ground were approximately 0.8 °C lower than at a height of 4–6 m, which changed the predicted mean EIP up to 5 days at meadow and 2 days at forest sites. Compared with temperature data from standardized weather stations, the resting site temperatures near the ground would prolong the mean estimated EIP 4 days at forest sites and 2 days at meadow sites. CONCLUSIONS: The microclimate of mosquito resting sites differs from standardized meteorological data, which can influence the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. In a near-natural environment, colder temperatures at mosquitoes’ preferred resting sites near the ground would prolong the EIP of mosquito-borne pathogens relative to data from weather stations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9594938 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95949382022-10-26 Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany Sauer, Felix Gregor Kiel, Ellen Lühken, Renke Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Environmental temperature is a key driver for the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens. Epidemiological models usually relate to temperature data from standardized weather stations, but these data may not capture the relevant scale where mosquitoes experience environmental temperatures. As mosquitoes are assumed to spend most of their lifetime in resting sites, we analysed mosquito resting site patterns and the associated temperatures in dependence on the resting site type, resting site height and the surrounding land use. METHODS: The study was conducted in 20 areas in near-natural habitats in Germany. Ten areas were studied in 2017, and another 10 in 2018. Each study area consisted of three sampling sites, where we collected mosquitoes and microclimatic data in artificial (= garden pop-up bags) and natural resting sites at three height levels between 0 and 6 m. Land use of the study sites was characterized as forest and meadows based on reclassified information of the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) Land Cover categories. The hourly resting site temperatures and the data from the nearest weather station of the German meteorological service were used to model the duration of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of mosquito-borne pathogens. RESULTS: Anopheles, Culex and Culiseta preferred artificial resting sites, while Aedes were predominantly collect in natural resting sites. Around 90% of the mosquitoes were collected from resting sites below 2 m. The mosquito species composition did not differ significantly between forest and meadow sites. Mean resting site temperatures near the ground were approximately 0.8 °C lower than at a height of 4–6 m, which changed the predicted mean EIP up to 5 days at meadow and 2 days at forest sites. Compared with temperature data from standardized weather stations, the resting site temperatures near the ground would prolong the mean estimated EIP 4 days at forest sites and 2 days at meadow sites. CONCLUSIONS: The microclimate of mosquito resting sites differs from standardized meteorological data, which can influence the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. In a near-natural environment, colder temperatures at mosquitoes’ preferred resting sites near the ground would prolong the EIP of mosquito-borne pathogens relative to data from weather stations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2. BioMed Central 2022-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9594938/ /pubmed/36280850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Sauer, Felix Gregor Kiel, Ellen Lühken, Renke Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title | Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title_full | Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title_fullStr | Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title_short | Effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in Germany |
title_sort | effects of mosquito resting site temperatures on the estimation of pathogen development rates in near-natural habitats in germany |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9594938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36280850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05505-2 |
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