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Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a huma...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507 |
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author | Wang, Huizhi Tao, Mingzhu Shi, Qinyi He, Kaixin Cheng, Cheng-Kung |
author_facet | Wang, Huizhi Tao, Mingzhu Shi, Qinyi He, Kaixin Cheng, Cheng-Kung |
author_sort | Wang, Huizhi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a human knee was implanted with intact ACLs of different dimensions (0.95, 1 and 1.05 times the size of the original ACL) and with grafts of different diameters, to simulate ACLR (diameter 7.5–12 mm in 0.5 mm increments). The knee models were flexed to 30° and loaded with an anterior tibial load of 103 N, internal tibial moment of 7.5 Nm, and valgus tibial moment of 6.9 Nm. Knee kinematics (anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal tibial rotation (ITR) and valgus tibial rotation (VTR)) and ligament forces were recorded and compared among the different groups. The results showed that, compared with the intact knee, a graft diameter of 7.5 mm was found to increase the ATT and VTR, but reduce the graft force. Increasing the graft diameter reduced knee laxity and increased the graft force. A 10% increase in the size of the ACL corresponded to a 3 mm larger graft diameter required to restore knee stability and graft force after ACLR. It was concluded that the graft diameter should be selected according to the dimensions of the native ACL, for better restoration of knee functionality. This study may help to improve the clinical treatment of ACL ruptures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9598161 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95981612022-10-27 Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis Wang, Huizhi Tao, Mingzhu Shi, Qinyi He, Kaixin Cheng, Cheng-Kung Bioengineering (Basel) Article The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a human knee was implanted with intact ACLs of different dimensions (0.95, 1 and 1.05 times the size of the original ACL) and with grafts of different diameters, to simulate ACLR (diameter 7.5–12 mm in 0.5 mm increments). The knee models were flexed to 30° and loaded with an anterior tibial load of 103 N, internal tibial moment of 7.5 Nm, and valgus tibial moment of 6.9 Nm. Knee kinematics (anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal tibial rotation (ITR) and valgus tibial rotation (VTR)) and ligament forces were recorded and compared among the different groups. The results showed that, compared with the intact knee, a graft diameter of 7.5 mm was found to increase the ATT and VTR, but reduce the graft force. Increasing the graft diameter reduced knee laxity and increased the graft force. A 10% increase in the size of the ACL corresponded to a 3 mm larger graft diameter required to restore knee stability and graft force after ACLR. It was concluded that the graft diameter should be selected according to the dimensions of the native ACL, for better restoration of knee functionality. This study may help to improve the clinical treatment of ACL ruptures. MDPI 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9598161/ /pubmed/36290477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Huizhi Tao, Mingzhu Shi, Qinyi He, Kaixin Cheng, Cheng-Kung Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title | Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title_full | Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title_fullStr | Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title_short | Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis |
title_sort | graft diameter should reflect the size of the native anterior cruciate ligament (acl) to improve the outcome of acl reconstruction: a finite element analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507 |
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