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Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis

The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a huma...

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Autores principales: Wang, Huizhi, Tao, Mingzhu, Shi, Qinyi, He, Kaixin, Cheng, Cheng-Kung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290477
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507
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author Wang, Huizhi
Tao, Mingzhu
Shi, Qinyi
He, Kaixin
Cheng, Cheng-Kung
author_facet Wang, Huizhi
Tao, Mingzhu
Shi, Qinyi
He, Kaixin
Cheng, Cheng-Kung
author_sort Wang, Huizhi
collection PubMed
description The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a human knee was implanted with intact ACLs of different dimensions (0.95, 1 and 1.05 times the size of the original ACL) and with grafts of different diameters, to simulate ACLR (diameter 7.5–12 mm in 0.5 mm increments). The knee models were flexed to 30° and loaded with an anterior tibial load of 103 N, internal tibial moment of 7.5 Nm, and valgus tibial moment of 6.9 Nm. Knee kinematics (anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal tibial rotation (ITR) and valgus tibial rotation (VTR)) and ligament forces were recorded and compared among the different groups. The results showed that, compared with the intact knee, a graft diameter of 7.5 mm was found to increase the ATT and VTR, but reduce the graft force. Increasing the graft diameter reduced knee laxity and increased the graft force. A 10% increase in the size of the ACL corresponded to a 3 mm larger graft diameter required to restore knee stability and graft force after ACLR. It was concluded that the graft diameter should be selected according to the dimensions of the native ACL, for better restoration of knee functionality. This study may help to improve the clinical treatment of ACL ruptures.
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spelling pubmed-95981612022-10-27 Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis Wang, Huizhi Tao, Mingzhu Shi, Qinyi He, Kaixin Cheng, Cheng-Kung Bioengineering (Basel) Article The size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often varies between individuals, but such variation is not typically considered during ACL reconstruction (ACLR). This study aimed to explore how the size of the ACL affects the selection of a suitable graft diameter. A finite element model of a human knee was implanted with intact ACLs of different dimensions (0.95, 1 and 1.05 times the size of the original ACL) and with grafts of different diameters, to simulate ACLR (diameter 7.5–12 mm in 0.5 mm increments). The knee models were flexed to 30° and loaded with an anterior tibial load of 103 N, internal tibial moment of 7.5 Nm, and valgus tibial moment of 6.9 Nm. Knee kinematics (anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal tibial rotation (ITR) and valgus tibial rotation (VTR)) and ligament forces were recorded and compared among the different groups. The results showed that, compared with the intact knee, a graft diameter of 7.5 mm was found to increase the ATT and VTR, but reduce the graft force. Increasing the graft diameter reduced knee laxity and increased the graft force. A 10% increase in the size of the ACL corresponded to a 3 mm larger graft diameter required to restore knee stability and graft force after ACLR. It was concluded that the graft diameter should be selected according to the dimensions of the native ACL, for better restoration of knee functionality. This study may help to improve the clinical treatment of ACL ruptures. MDPI 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9598161/ /pubmed/36290477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Huizhi
Tao, Mingzhu
Shi, Qinyi
He, Kaixin
Cheng, Cheng-Kung
Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title_full Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title_fullStr Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title_short Graft Diameter Should Reflect the Size of the Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to Improve the Outcome of ACL Reconstruction: A Finite Element Analysis
title_sort graft diameter should reflect the size of the native anterior cruciate ligament (acl) to improve the outcome of acl reconstruction: a finite element analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290477
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100507
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