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Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Today’s swine production systems are mostly intensive, and pigs are continuously exposed to pathogens and immune stimulatory antigens that may negatively impact productivity. It is known that immune system stimulation may reduce appetite, growth, and nutrient use efficiency compared...

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Autores principales: Rodrigues, Lucas A., Koo, Bonjin, Nyachoti, Martin, Columbus, Daniel A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598274/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202877
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author Rodrigues, Lucas A.
Koo, Bonjin
Nyachoti, Martin
Columbus, Daniel A.
author_facet Rodrigues, Lucas A.
Koo, Bonjin
Nyachoti, Martin
Columbus, Daniel A.
author_sort Rodrigues, Lucas A.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Today’s swine production systems are mostly intensive, and pigs are continuously exposed to pathogens and immune stimulatory antigens that may negatively impact productivity. It is known that immune system stimulation may reduce appetite, growth, and nutrient use efficiency compared to healthy animals. On the other hand, there is progressive pressure towards the reduction in antibiotic usage in livestock production, which highlights the need for furthering our understanding of the relationship between nutrition and the immune response. Swine nutritionists will need to consider the role of nutrition on health in order to develop programs that support production and robustness of pigs under a variety of stressful conditions. Among the nutritional strategies whose utilization may directly impact on the immune status of pigs, feeding low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets, supplementation of functional amino acids, dietary fiber level and source, diet complexity, organic acids, and plant secondary metabolites are at the forefront. As such, this review will discuss the impact of immune status on swine production and the interaction between nutrients and animal health, focusing on the roles of each nutritional strategy during times of immune challenge. ABSTRACT: Our understanding of nutrition has been evolving to support both performance and immune status of pigs, particularly in disease-challenged animals which experience repartitioning of nutrients from growth towards the immune response. In this sense, it is critical to understand how stress may impact nutrient metabolism and the effects of nutritional interventions able to modulate organ (e.g., gastrointestinal tract) functionality and health. This will be pivotal in the development of effective diet formulation strategies in the context of improved animal performance and health. Therefore, this review will address qualitative and quantitative effects of immune system stimulation on voluntary feed intake and growth performance measurements in pigs. Due to the known repartitioning of nutrients, the effects of stimulating the immune system on nutrient requirements, stratified according to different challenge models, will be explored. Finally, different nutritional strategies (i.e., low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets; functional amino acid supplementation; dietary fiber level and source; diet complexity; organic acids; plant secondary metabolites) will be presented and discussed in the context of their possible role in enhancing the immune response and animal performance.
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spelling pubmed-95982742022-10-27 Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives Rodrigues, Lucas A. Koo, Bonjin Nyachoti, Martin Columbus, Daniel A. Animals (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Today’s swine production systems are mostly intensive, and pigs are continuously exposed to pathogens and immune stimulatory antigens that may negatively impact productivity. It is known that immune system stimulation may reduce appetite, growth, and nutrient use efficiency compared to healthy animals. On the other hand, there is progressive pressure towards the reduction in antibiotic usage in livestock production, which highlights the need for furthering our understanding of the relationship between nutrition and the immune response. Swine nutritionists will need to consider the role of nutrition on health in order to develop programs that support production and robustness of pigs under a variety of stressful conditions. Among the nutritional strategies whose utilization may directly impact on the immune status of pigs, feeding low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets, supplementation of functional amino acids, dietary fiber level and source, diet complexity, organic acids, and plant secondary metabolites are at the forefront. As such, this review will discuss the impact of immune status on swine production and the interaction between nutrients and animal health, focusing on the roles of each nutritional strategy during times of immune challenge. ABSTRACT: Our understanding of nutrition has been evolving to support both performance and immune status of pigs, particularly in disease-challenged animals which experience repartitioning of nutrients from growth towards the immune response. In this sense, it is critical to understand how stress may impact nutrient metabolism and the effects of nutritional interventions able to modulate organ (e.g., gastrointestinal tract) functionality and health. This will be pivotal in the development of effective diet formulation strategies in the context of improved animal performance and health. Therefore, this review will address qualitative and quantitative effects of immune system stimulation on voluntary feed intake and growth performance measurements in pigs. Due to the known repartitioning of nutrients, the effects of stimulating the immune system on nutrient requirements, stratified according to different challenge models, will be explored. Finally, different nutritional strategies (i.e., low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets; functional amino acid supplementation; dietary fiber level and source; diet complexity; organic acids; plant secondary metabolites) will be presented and discussed in the context of their possible role in enhancing the immune response and animal performance. MDPI 2022-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9598274/ /pubmed/36290260 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202877 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rodrigues, Lucas A.
Koo, Bonjin
Nyachoti, Martin
Columbus, Daniel A.
Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title_full Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title_fullStr Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title_short Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
title_sort formulating diets for improved health status of pigs: current knowledge and perspectives
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598274/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202877
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