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What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?

An effective response that combines prevention and treatment is still the most anticipated solution to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As the phenomenon continues to evolve, AMR is driving an escalation of hard-to-treat infections and mortality rates. Over the years, bact...

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Autores principales: Seukep, Armel Jackson, Mbuntcha, Helene Gueaba, Kuete, Victor, Chu, Yindi, Fan, Enguo, Guo, Ming-Quan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598416/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36289945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101287
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author Seukep, Armel Jackson
Mbuntcha, Helene Gueaba
Kuete, Victor
Chu, Yindi
Fan, Enguo
Guo, Ming-Quan
author_facet Seukep, Armel Jackson
Mbuntcha, Helene Gueaba
Kuete, Victor
Chu, Yindi
Fan, Enguo
Guo, Ming-Quan
author_sort Seukep, Armel Jackson
collection PubMed
description An effective response that combines prevention and treatment is still the most anticipated solution to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As the phenomenon continues to evolve, AMR is driving an escalation of hard-to-treat infections and mortality rates. Over the years, bacteria have devised a variety of survival tactics to outwit the antibiotic’s effects, yet given their great adaptability, unexpected mechanisms are still to be discovered. Over-expression of efflux pumps (EPs) constitutes the leading strategy of bacterial resistance, and it is also a primary driver in the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR). Extensive efforts are being made to develop antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs) with the ultimate goal of re-sensitizing bacteria to medications to which they have become unresponsive. EP inhibitors (EPIs) appear to be the principal group of ARBs used to impair the efflux system machinery. Due to the high toxicity of synthetic EPIs, there is a growing interest in natural, safe, and innocuous ones, whereby plant extracts emerge to be excellent candidates. Besides EPIs, further alternatives are being explored including the development of nanoparticle carriers, biologics, and phage therapy, among others. What roles do EPs play in the occurrence of MDR? What weapons do we have to thwart EP-mediated resistance? What are the obstacles to their development? These are some of the core questions addressed in the present review.
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spelling pubmed-95984162022-10-27 What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance? Seukep, Armel Jackson Mbuntcha, Helene Gueaba Kuete, Victor Chu, Yindi Fan, Enguo Guo, Ming-Quan Antibiotics (Basel) Review An effective response that combines prevention and treatment is still the most anticipated solution to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As the phenomenon continues to evolve, AMR is driving an escalation of hard-to-treat infections and mortality rates. Over the years, bacteria have devised a variety of survival tactics to outwit the antibiotic’s effects, yet given their great adaptability, unexpected mechanisms are still to be discovered. Over-expression of efflux pumps (EPs) constitutes the leading strategy of bacterial resistance, and it is also a primary driver in the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR). Extensive efforts are being made to develop antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs) with the ultimate goal of re-sensitizing bacteria to medications to which they have become unresponsive. EP inhibitors (EPIs) appear to be the principal group of ARBs used to impair the efflux system machinery. Due to the high toxicity of synthetic EPIs, there is a growing interest in natural, safe, and innocuous ones, whereby plant extracts emerge to be excellent candidates. Besides EPIs, further alternatives are being explored including the development of nanoparticle carriers, biologics, and phage therapy, among others. What roles do EPs play in the occurrence of MDR? What weapons do we have to thwart EP-mediated resistance? What are the obstacles to their development? These are some of the core questions addressed in the present review. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9598416/ /pubmed/36289945 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101287 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Seukep, Armel Jackson
Mbuntcha, Helene Gueaba
Kuete, Victor
Chu, Yindi
Fan, Enguo
Guo, Ming-Quan
What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title_full What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title_fullStr What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title_full_unstemmed What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title_short What Approaches to Thwart Bacterial Efflux Pumps-Mediated Resistance?
title_sort what approaches to thwart bacterial efflux pumps-mediated resistance?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598416/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36289945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101287
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