Cargando…
Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly promising as drug delivery vehicles due to their nanoscale size, stability and biocompatibility. EVs possess natural targeting abilities and are known to traverse long distances to reach their target cells. This long-range organotropism and the ability to pene...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100496 |
_version_ | 1784816441419104256 |
---|---|
author | Frolova, Liubov Li, Isaac T. S. |
author_facet | Frolova, Liubov Li, Isaac T. S. |
author_sort | Frolova, Liubov |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly promising as drug delivery vehicles due to their nanoscale size, stability and biocompatibility. EVs possess natural targeting abilities and are known to traverse long distances to reach their target cells. This long-range organotropism and the ability to penetrate hard-to-reach tissues, including the brain, have sparked interest in using EVs for the targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals. In addition, EVs can be readily harvested from an individual’s biofluids, making them especially suitable for personalized medicine applications. However, the targeting abilities of unmodified EVs have proven to be insufficient for clinical applications. Multiple attempts have been made to bioengineer EVs to fine-tune their on-target binding. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the natural targeting abilities of native EVs. We also critically discuss the strategies to functionalize EV surfaces for superior long-distance targeting of specific tissues and cells. Finally, we review the challenges in achieving specific on-target binding of EV nanocarriers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9598801 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95988012022-10-27 Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery Frolova, Liubov Li, Isaac T. S. Bioengineering (Basel) Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly promising as drug delivery vehicles due to their nanoscale size, stability and biocompatibility. EVs possess natural targeting abilities and are known to traverse long distances to reach their target cells. This long-range organotropism and the ability to penetrate hard-to-reach tissues, including the brain, have sparked interest in using EVs for the targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals. In addition, EVs can be readily harvested from an individual’s biofluids, making them especially suitable for personalized medicine applications. However, the targeting abilities of unmodified EVs have proven to be insufficient for clinical applications. Multiple attempts have been made to bioengineer EVs to fine-tune their on-target binding. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the natural targeting abilities of native EVs. We also critically discuss the strategies to functionalize EV surfaces for superior long-distance targeting of specific tissues and cells. Finally, we review the challenges in achieving specific on-target binding of EV nanocarriers. MDPI 2022-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9598801/ /pubmed/36290464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100496 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Frolova, Liubov Li, Isaac T. S. Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title | Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title_full | Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title_fullStr | Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title_short | Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery |
title_sort | targeting capabilities of native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles for drug delivery |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36290464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100496 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT frolovaliubov targetingcapabilitiesofnativeandbioengineeredextracellularvesiclesfordrugdelivery AT liisaacts targetingcapabilitiesofnativeandbioengineeredextracellularvesiclesfordrugdelivery |