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Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that contain a variety of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. They are capable of being released by a variety of cells and are essential for cell–cell communication. The exosomes produced by cells have shown protective benefits against spinal cord damage (SCI). Recently, it...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9599527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36291255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101322 |
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author | Huang, Jiang-Hu He, Hang Chen, Yong-Neng Liu, Zhen Romani, Manini Daudi Xu, Zhao-Yi Xu, Yang Lin, Fei-Yue |
author_facet | Huang, Jiang-Hu He, Hang Chen, Yong-Neng Liu, Zhen Romani, Manini Daudi Xu, Zhao-Yi Xu, Yang Lin, Fei-Yue |
author_sort | Huang, Jiang-Hu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that contain a variety of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. They are capable of being released by a variety of cells and are essential for cell–cell communication. The exosomes produced by cells have shown protective benefits against spinal cord damage (SCI). Recently, it was discovered that M2 macrophages aid in the angiogenesis of numerous illnesses. However, the functional role of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI is unclear. Here, we investigate the pro-angiogenesis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI. We founded that M2 macrophage exosomes alleviated tissue damage and enhanced functional recovery post-SCI. We discovered that M2 macrophage exosome administration increased angiogenesis after SCI in vivo using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors, HIF-1α and VEGF, were enhanced with the treatment of the M2 macrophage exosomes. Furthermore, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes enhanced neurogenesis after SCI in vivo. In vitro, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes can be taken up by the brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and that they enhanced the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, by using special siRNA to inhibit HIF-1α expression, we observed that the expression of VEGF decreased, and the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells were attenuated with the treatment of HIF-1α-siRNA. In conclusion, our findings reveal that M2 macrophage exosomes improve neurological functional recovery and angiogenesis post-SCI, and this process is partially associated with the activation of the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9599527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95995272022-10-27 Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis Huang, Jiang-Hu He, Hang Chen, Yong-Neng Liu, Zhen Romani, Manini Daudi Xu, Zhao-Yi Xu, Yang Lin, Fei-Yue Brain Sci Article Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that contain a variety of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. They are capable of being released by a variety of cells and are essential for cell–cell communication. The exosomes produced by cells have shown protective benefits against spinal cord damage (SCI). Recently, it was discovered that M2 macrophages aid in the angiogenesis of numerous illnesses. However, the functional role of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI is unclear. Here, we investigate the pro-angiogenesis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI. We founded that M2 macrophage exosomes alleviated tissue damage and enhanced functional recovery post-SCI. We discovered that M2 macrophage exosome administration increased angiogenesis after SCI in vivo using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors, HIF-1α and VEGF, were enhanced with the treatment of the M2 macrophage exosomes. Furthermore, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes enhanced neurogenesis after SCI in vivo. In vitro, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes can be taken up by the brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and that they enhanced the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, by using special siRNA to inhibit HIF-1α expression, we observed that the expression of VEGF decreased, and the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells were attenuated with the treatment of HIF-1α-siRNA. In conclusion, our findings reveal that M2 macrophage exosomes improve neurological functional recovery and angiogenesis post-SCI, and this process is partially associated with the activation of the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway. MDPI 2022-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9599527/ /pubmed/36291255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101322 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Jiang-Hu He, Hang Chen, Yong-Neng Liu, Zhen Romani, Manini Daudi Xu, Zhao-Yi Xu, Yang Lin, Fei-Yue Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title | Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title_full | Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title_fullStr | Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title_short | Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis |
title_sort | exosomes derived from m2 macrophages improve angiogenesis and functional recovery after spinal cord injury through hif-1α/vegf axis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9599527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36291255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101322 |
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