Aramid Pulp Reinforced Clay Aerogel Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Behavior

In this work, we reported that aramid pulps (AP) reinforced clay aerogel composites with improved mechanical strength, good thermal insulation and fire resistance based on the combination of AP, Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium montmorillonite (MMT), which present a promising prospect in the thermal insulation application. The PVA-MMT-AP(x) (x: denotes the mass content of AP) aerogel composites present an isotropic “lamella-honeycomb” porous structure, which endows them with excellent comprehensive performance. With the AP content increasing, the extremely low density is kept, ranging between 67–73 mg/cm(3), and the low thermal conductivity is maintained within 40.9–47.9 mW·m(−1)·K(−1). The mechanical strength is significantly improved with the maximum compressive modulus increasing from 2.95 to 5.96 MPa and the specific modulus rising from 44.03 to 81.64 MPa∙cm(3)/g. Their detailed heat transfer process has been analyzed, which provides a deep understanding to the low thermal conductivity of the PVA-MMT-AP(x) aerogel composites. Based on the combination of thermogravimetric analysis and combustion behavior, the PVA-MMT-AP(x) aerogel composites are demonstrated to possess improved thermal stability and fire resistance. This study puts forward a facile approach to utilizing AP to reinforce clay aerogel composites, which provides new insight into the development of thermal-insulating, fire-safe and high-strength thermal insulation materials.