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Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax
Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) are widely used, but there are common problems associated with them, such as low yield point and poor cutting–carrying and hole cleaning ability. In this paper, a polyamide wax (TQ-1) was synthesized from dimeric acid and 1,6-hexanediamine to improve the weak gel st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36286132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100631 |
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author | Huang, Xianbin Meng, Xu Li, Mao Sun, Jinsheng Lv, Kaihe Gao, Chongyang |
author_facet | Huang, Xianbin Meng, Xu Li, Mao Sun, Jinsheng Lv, Kaihe Gao, Chongyang |
author_sort | Huang, Xianbin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) are widely used, but there are common problems associated with them, such as low yield point and poor cutting–carrying and hole cleaning ability. In this paper, a polyamide wax (TQ-1) was synthesized from dimeric acid and 1,6-hexanediamine to improve the weak gel structure of OBDFs. The TQ-1 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then the effect of the TQ-1 on the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion was studied by sedimentation observation, stability analysis, an electrical stability test, and particle size measurement. The effect of the TQ-1 on the rheological properties of the water-in-oil emulsion was analyzed by viscosity vs. shear rate test and the three-interval thixotropic test. Finally, the performance of the TQ-1 in OBDFs was comprehensively evaluated. The experimental results showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the TQ-1 was 195 °C, indicating that the TQ-1 had good thermal stability. After adding the TQ-1, the emulsion became more stable since the emulsion stability index (TSI) value decreased when the emulsions were placed for a period of time and the demulsification voltage was increased. The TQ-1 could form a weak gel structure in the water-in-oil emulsions, which made the emulsions show excellent shear thinning and thixotropy. TQ-1 can improve the demulsification voltage of OBDFs, greatly improve the yield point and gel strength, and largely reduce the sedimentation factor (SF). In addition, TQ-1 has good compatibility with OBDFs, and in our study the high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) filtration decreased slightly after adding the TQ-1. According to theoretical analysis, the mechanism of TQ-1 of improving the weak gel structure of OBDFs is that the polar amide group can form a spatial network structure in nonpolar solvents through hydrogen bonding. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9602151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96021512022-10-27 Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax Huang, Xianbin Meng, Xu Li, Mao Sun, Jinsheng Lv, Kaihe Gao, Chongyang Gels Article Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) are widely used, but there are common problems associated with them, such as low yield point and poor cutting–carrying and hole cleaning ability. In this paper, a polyamide wax (TQ-1) was synthesized from dimeric acid and 1,6-hexanediamine to improve the weak gel structure of OBDFs. The TQ-1 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then the effect of the TQ-1 on the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion was studied by sedimentation observation, stability analysis, an electrical stability test, and particle size measurement. The effect of the TQ-1 on the rheological properties of the water-in-oil emulsion was analyzed by viscosity vs. shear rate test and the three-interval thixotropic test. Finally, the performance of the TQ-1 in OBDFs was comprehensively evaluated. The experimental results showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the TQ-1 was 195 °C, indicating that the TQ-1 had good thermal stability. After adding the TQ-1, the emulsion became more stable since the emulsion stability index (TSI) value decreased when the emulsions were placed for a period of time and the demulsification voltage was increased. The TQ-1 could form a weak gel structure in the water-in-oil emulsions, which made the emulsions show excellent shear thinning and thixotropy. TQ-1 can improve the demulsification voltage of OBDFs, greatly improve the yield point and gel strength, and largely reduce the sedimentation factor (SF). In addition, TQ-1 has good compatibility with OBDFs, and in our study the high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) filtration decreased slightly after adding the TQ-1. According to theoretical analysis, the mechanism of TQ-1 of improving the weak gel structure of OBDFs is that the polar amide group can form a spatial network structure in nonpolar solvents through hydrogen bonding. MDPI 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9602151/ /pubmed/36286132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100631 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Xianbin Meng, Xu Li, Mao Sun, Jinsheng Lv, Kaihe Gao, Chongyang Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title | Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title_full | Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title_fullStr | Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title_short | Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax |
title_sort | improving the weak gel structure of an oil-based drilling fluid by using a polyamide wax |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36286132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100631 |
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