Acute mesenteric ischemia secondary to oral contraceptive-induced portomesenteric and splenic vein thrombosis: A case report

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric ischemia represents an uncommon complication of splanchnic vein thrombosis, and it is less infrequently seen in young women using oral contraceptives. Diagnosis is often delayed in the emergency room; thus, surgical intervention may be inevitable and the absence of thrombus regression or collateral circulation may lead to further postoperative ischemia and a fatal outcome. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 28-year-old female patient on oral contraceptives who presented with acute abdominal pain. Her physical examination findings were not consistent with her symptoms of severe pain and abdominal distention. These findings and her abnormal blood tests raised suspicion of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) induced by splanchnic vein thrombosis. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed ischemia of the small intestine with portomesenteric and splenic vein thrombosis (PMSVT). We treated the case promptly by anticoagulation after diagnosis. We then performed delayed segmental bowel resection after thrombus regression and established collateral circulation guided by collaboration with a multidisciplinary team. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged 14 d after surgery and took rivaroxaban orally for 6 mo. In subsequent follow-up to date, the patient has not complained of any other discomfort. CONCLUSION: AMI induced by PMSVT should be considered in young women who are taking oral contraceptives and have acute abdominal pain. Prompt anticoagulation followed by surgery is an effective treatment strategy.