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Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence

Introduction: Since the advent of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the coexistence between social stigma and depression symptoms (depression hereafter) in COVID-19 patients has been mentioned, but the mechanisms involved remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how the stigma affects depressio...

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Autores principales: Chen, Hui, Chen, Yingjie, Zhang, Yinghuan, Wang, Zhiqiang, Shi, Dake, Liu, Jialin, Yang, Xiaodong, Xu, Lulu, Cai, Yong, Hu, Fan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293585
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013006
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author Chen, Hui
Chen, Yingjie
Zhang, Yinghuan
Wang, Zhiqiang
Shi, Dake
Liu, Jialin
Yang, Xiaodong
Xu, Lulu
Cai, Yong
Hu, Fan
author_facet Chen, Hui
Chen, Yingjie
Zhang, Yinghuan
Wang, Zhiqiang
Shi, Dake
Liu, Jialin
Yang, Xiaodong
Xu, Lulu
Cai, Yong
Hu, Fan
author_sort Chen, Hui
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Since the advent of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the coexistence between social stigma and depression symptoms (depression hereafter) in COVID-19 patients has been mentioned, but the mechanisms involved remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how the stigma affects depression during the mid-pandemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using non-probability sampling was conducted among asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers in Shanghai, China (April 2022). An online questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and psychological traits. Logistic regression and path analysis were performed to analyze the depression risk factors and examine the mediation model, respectively. Results: A total of 1283 participants (59.6% men) were involved in this study, in which 44.7% of carriers reported having depression. Univariate analyses found that education level (OR 0.575; 95% CI 0.448–0.737) and doses of vaccine (OR 1.693; 95% CI 1.042–2.750), were significantly associated with depression among asymptomatic carriers. The association between social stigma and depression was fully mediated by their feelings of entrapment and decadence (indirect effect = 0.204, p < 0.001; direct effect = −0.059, p = 0.058). The mediating role of entrapment between stigma and depression was moderated by age group (estimate = 0.116, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Mental health issues resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are increasingly apparent in China and require urgent attention and responses. These findings provide new perspectives for the early prevention of depression in asymptomatic carriers.
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spelling pubmed-96023972022-10-27 Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence Chen, Hui Chen, Yingjie Zhang, Yinghuan Wang, Zhiqiang Shi, Dake Liu, Jialin Yang, Xiaodong Xu, Lulu Cai, Yong Hu, Fan Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Introduction: Since the advent of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the coexistence between social stigma and depression symptoms (depression hereafter) in COVID-19 patients has been mentioned, but the mechanisms involved remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how the stigma affects depression during the mid-pandemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using non-probability sampling was conducted among asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers in Shanghai, China (April 2022). An online questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and psychological traits. Logistic regression and path analysis were performed to analyze the depression risk factors and examine the mediation model, respectively. Results: A total of 1283 participants (59.6% men) were involved in this study, in which 44.7% of carriers reported having depression. Univariate analyses found that education level (OR 0.575; 95% CI 0.448–0.737) and doses of vaccine (OR 1.693; 95% CI 1.042–2.750), were significantly associated with depression among asymptomatic carriers. The association between social stigma and depression was fully mediated by their feelings of entrapment and decadence (indirect effect = 0.204, p < 0.001; direct effect = −0.059, p = 0.058). The mediating role of entrapment between stigma and depression was moderated by age group (estimate = 0.116, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Mental health issues resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are increasingly apparent in China and require urgent attention and responses. These findings provide new perspectives for the early prevention of depression in asymptomatic carriers. MDPI 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9602397/ /pubmed/36293585 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013006 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Hui
Chen, Yingjie
Zhang, Yinghuan
Wang, Zhiqiang
Shi, Dake
Liu, Jialin
Yang, Xiaodong
Xu, Lulu
Cai, Yong
Hu, Fan
Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title_full Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title_fullStr Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title_full_unstemmed Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title_short Social Stigma and Depression among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers in Shanghai, China: The Mediating Role of Entrapment and Decadence
title_sort social stigma and depression among asymptomatic covid-19 carriers in shanghai, china: the mediating role of entrapment and decadence
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293585
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013006
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