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Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the load and bar position on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity during squat exercise. High bar back squats (HBBS) and low bar back squats (LBBS) were performed in random order at 50%, 60%, and 70% loads of one repetition maximum by 28 experienced...

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Autores principales: Park, Ju-Hyung, Lee, Seung-Jea, Shin, Ho-Jin, Cho, Hwi-Young
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013480
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author Park, Ju-Hyung
Lee, Seung-Jea
Shin, Ho-Jin
Cho, Hwi-Young
author_facet Park, Ju-Hyung
Lee, Seung-Jea
Shin, Ho-Jin
Cho, Hwi-Young
author_sort Park, Ju-Hyung
collection PubMed
description This study aimed to investigate the effect of the load and bar position on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity during squat exercise. High bar back squats (HBBS) and low bar back squats (LBBS) were performed in random order at 50%, 60%, and 70% loads of one repetition maximum by 28 experienced healthy adult men who had been performing squats for at least one year. Before the experiment, the maximal voluntary contraction of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles was measured by means of surface electromyography. In addition, eccentric and concentric exercises were performed for 3 s each to measure the muscle activity. There was a significant difference in muscle activity according to the load for all muscles in the eccentric and concentric phases (p < 0.05), indicating that muscle activity increased as the load increased. In addition, in the comparison between HBBS and LBBS, significant differences were shown in all lower extremity muscles and all trunk muscles except for the external oblique in the concentric phase according to the bar position (p < 0.05). HBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the lower extremity in the eccentric and concentric phases than in LBBS, while LBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the trunk muscle in the eccentric and concentric phases than in HBBS (p < 0.05). HBBS requires more force in the lower extremity than LBBS and is particularly advantageous in strengthening the muscular strength of the quadriceps. In contrast, LBBS requires more muscle activity in the trunk than HBBS and is more effective in carrying heavier loads because of the advantage of body stability. This study suggests that rehabilitation experts apply the bar position and load as important variables affecting the intensity and method of training for target muscle strengthening of the lower extremities and trunk.
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spelling pubmed-96029632022-10-27 Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise Park, Ju-Hyung Lee, Seung-Jea Shin, Ho-Jin Cho, Hwi-Young Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This study aimed to investigate the effect of the load and bar position on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity during squat exercise. High bar back squats (HBBS) and low bar back squats (LBBS) were performed in random order at 50%, 60%, and 70% loads of one repetition maximum by 28 experienced healthy adult men who had been performing squats for at least one year. Before the experiment, the maximal voluntary contraction of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles was measured by means of surface electromyography. In addition, eccentric and concentric exercises were performed for 3 s each to measure the muscle activity. There was a significant difference in muscle activity according to the load for all muscles in the eccentric and concentric phases (p < 0.05), indicating that muscle activity increased as the load increased. In addition, in the comparison between HBBS and LBBS, significant differences were shown in all lower extremity muscles and all trunk muscles except for the external oblique in the concentric phase according to the bar position (p < 0.05). HBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the lower extremity in the eccentric and concentric phases than in LBBS, while LBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the trunk muscle in the eccentric and concentric phases than in HBBS (p < 0.05). HBBS requires more force in the lower extremity than LBBS and is particularly advantageous in strengthening the muscular strength of the quadriceps. In contrast, LBBS requires more muscle activity in the trunk than HBBS and is more effective in carrying heavier loads because of the advantage of body stability. This study suggests that rehabilitation experts apply the bar position and load as important variables affecting the intensity and method of training for target muscle strengthening of the lower extremities and trunk. MDPI 2022-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9602963/ /pubmed/36294056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013480 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Park, Ju-Hyung
Lee, Seung-Jea
Shin, Ho-Jin
Cho, Hwi-Young
Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title_full Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title_fullStr Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title_short Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise
title_sort influence of loads and loading position on the muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during squat exercise
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9602963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013480
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