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Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System

Radiotherapy (RT) is a relatively safe and established treatment for cancer, where the goal is to kill tumoral cells with the lowest toxicity to healthy tissues. Using it for disorders involving cell loss is counterintuitive. However, ionizing radiation has a hormetic nature: it can have deleterious...

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Autores principales: Coelho, Carina Marques, Pereira, Lia, Teubig, Pamela, Santos, Pedro, Mendes, Filipa, Viñals, Sílvia, Galaviz, Daniel, Herrera, Federico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012265
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author Coelho, Carina Marques
Pereira, Lia
Teubig, Pamela
Santos, Pedro
Mendes, Filipa
Viñals, Sílvia
Galaviz, Daniel
Herrera, Federico
author_facet Coelho, Carina Marques
Pereira, Lia
Teubig, Pamela
Santos, Pedro
Mendes, Filipa
Viñals, Sílvia
Galaviz, Daniel
Herrera, Federico
author_sort Coelho, Carina Marques
collection PubMed
description Radiotherapy (RT) is a relatively safe and established treatment for cancer, where the goal is to kill tumoral cells with the lowest toxicity to healthy tissues. Using it for disorders involving cell loss is counterintuitive. However, ionizing radiation has a hormetic nature: it can have deleterious or beneficial effects depending on how it is applied. Current evidence indicates that radiation could be a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and amyloidogenesis, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Low-dose RT can trigger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration responses. RT has been used to treat peripheral amyloidosis, which is very similar to other neurodegenerative disorders from a molecular perspective. Ionizing radiation prevents amyloid formation and other hallmarks in cell cultures, animal models and pilot clinical trials. Although some hypotheses have been formulated, the mechanism of action of RT on systemic amyloid deposits is still unclear, and uncertainty remains regarding its impact in the central nervous system. However, new RT modalities such as low-dose RT, FLASH, proton therapy or nanoparticle-enhanced RT could increase biological effects while reducing toxicity. Current evidence indicates that the potential of RT to treat neurodegeneration should be further explored.
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spelling pubmed-96034042022-10-27 Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System Coelho, Carina Marques Pereira, Lia Teubig, Pamela Santos, Pedro Mendes, Filipa Viñals, Sílvia Galaviz, Daniel Herrera, Federico Int J Mol Sci Review Radiotherapy (RT) is a relatively safe and established treatment for cancer, where the goal is to kill tumoral cells with the lowest toxicity to healthy tissues. Using it for disorders involving cell loss is counterintuitive. However, ionizing radiation has a hormetic nature: it can have deleterious or beneficial effects depending on how it is applied. Current evidence indicates that radiation could be a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and amyloidogenesis, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Low-dose RT can trigger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration responses. RT has been used to treat peripheral amyloidosis, which is very similar to other neurodegenerative disorders from a molecular perspective. Ionizing radiation prevents amyloid formation and other hallmarks in cell cultures, animal models and pilot clinical trials. Although some hypotheses have been formulated, the mechanism of action of RT on systemic amyloid deposits is still unclear, and uncertainty remains regarding its impact in the central nervous system. However, new RT modalities such as low-dose RT, FLASH, proton therapy or nanoparticle-enhanced RT could increase biological effects while reducing toxicity. Current evidence indicates that the potential of RT to treat neurodegeneration should be further explored. MDPI 2022-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9603404/ /pubmed/36293118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012265 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Coelho, Carina Marques
Pereira, Lia
Teubig, Pamela
Santos, Pedro
Mendes, Filipa
Viñals, Sílvia
Galaviz, Daniel
Herrera, Federico
Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title_full Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title_fullStr Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title_short Radiation as a Tool against Neurodegeneration—A Potential Treatment for Amyloidosis in the Central Nervous System
title_sort radiation as a tool against neurodegeneration—a potential treatment for amyloidosis in the central nervous system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012265
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