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Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru

Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecu...

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Autores principales: Quino, Willi, Caro-Castro, Junior, Mestanza, Orson, Hurtado, Verónica, Zamudio, María Luz, Cruz-Gonzales, Gloria, Gavilan, Ronnie G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972275
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01187-22
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author Quino, Willi
Caro-Castro, Junior
Mestanza, Orson
Hurtado, Verónica
Zamudio, María Luz
Cruz-Gonzales, Gloria
Gavilan, Ronnie G.
author_facet Quino, Willi
Caro-Castro, Junior
Mestanza, Orson
Hurtado, Verónica
Zamudio, María Luz
Cruz-Gonzales, Gloria
Gavilan, Ronnie G.
author_sort Quino, Willi
collection PubMed
description Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large GBS outbreak in Peru. In this study, 26 C. jejuni strains belonging to the ST-2293, obtained from 2019 to 2020, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Five low-quality sequences were removed using bioinformatics, and 21 genomes (17 clinical strains and 4 chicken strains) were considered in the phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Phylogenetic reconstruction, including genomes from international databases, showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 was detected in Amazon strains recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken C. jejuni strains indicated chicken as one of the probable reservoirs. Finally, comparative genomics revealed differences between Chinese and Peruvian strains, including the presence of a prophage inserted into the genome. In conclusion, C. jejuni ST-2993 strains recovered from the GBS outbreak are closely related to Peruvian Amazon strains. Moreover, ST-2993 has been circulated in Peru since 2003 in the Peruvian Amazonia, showing the necessity to reinforce the epidemiological surveillance of C. jejuni to improve the prevention and control of future GBS outbreaks. IMPORTANCE This article describes the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) outbreak in Peru, sequencing several strains recovered from GBS patients and chickens from 2019 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 strains were detected in isolates recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken strains indicated those animals as a probable reservoir. This information will help to understand the real situation of GBS in Peru and its causal agent, C. jejuni ST-2993, showing the necessity to increase epidemiological tracking of these kinds of pathogens to detect them and avoid GBS outbreaks in the future.
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spelling pubmed-96034732022-10-27 Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru Quino, Willi Caro-Castro, Junior Mestanza, Orson Hurtado, Verónica Zamudio, María Luz Cruz-Gonzales, Gloria Gavilan, Ronnie G. Microbiol Spectr Research Article Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large GBS outbreak in Peru. In this study, 26 C. jejuni strains belonging to the ST-2293, obtained from 2019 to 2020, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Five low-quality sequences were removed using bioinformatics, and 21 genomes (17 clinical strains and 4 chicken strains) were considered in the phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Phylogenetic reconstruction, including genomes from international databases, showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 was detected in Amazon strains recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken C. jejuni strains indicated chicken as one of the probable reservoirs. Finally, comparative genomics revealed differences between Chinese and Peruvian strains, including the presence of a prophage inserted into the genome. In conclusion, C. jejuni ST-2993 strains recovered from the GBS outbreak are closely related to Peruvian Amazon strains. Moreover, ST-2993 has been circulated in Peru since 2003 in the Peruvian Amazonia, showing the necessity to reinforce the epidemiological surveillance of C. jejuni to improve the prevention and control of future GBS outbreaks. IMPORTANCE This article describes the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) outbreak in Peru, sequencing several strains recovered from GBS patients and chickens from 2019 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 strains were detected in isolates recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken strains indicated those animals as a probable reservoir. This information will help to understand the real situation of GBS in Peru and its causal agent, C. jejuni ST-2993, showing the necessity to increase epidemiological tracking of these kinds of pathogens to detect them and avoid GBS outbreaks in the future. American Society for Microbiology 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9603473/ /pubmed/35972275 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01187-22 Text en Copyright © 2022 Quino et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Quino, Willi
Caro-Castro, Junior
Mestanza, Orson
Hurtado, Verónica
Zamudio, María Luz
Cruz-Gonzales, Gloria
Gavilan, Ronnie G.
Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title_full Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title_fullStr Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title_full_unstemmed Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title_short Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru
title_sort emergence and molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni st-2993 associated with a large outbreak of guillain-barré syndrome in peru
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9603473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972275
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01187-22
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