Analysis of the Impact of Landscape Patterns on Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

The urbanization process, such as population growth and the expansion of roads, railways, residential areas, and industrial areas, causes severe landscape fragmentation and changes in the surface temperature balance, resulting in the heat island effect. This study used Landsat data to study the impact of landscape patterns on urban heat islands (UHIs) and temporal-spatial change characteristics. In addition, spatial correlation analysis was employed to detect the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and landscape patterns. The results showed that the impervious surfaces landscape area increased significantly, and the Woodland landscape area increased. However, the bare land, cropland, and water body area decreased. The cohesion of cropland and woodland landscape in the suburb decreased, and there was a high degree of fragmentation. The difference between the contributions of the central city and suburbs to the whole region is narrowing, and the expansion of urban heat islands is shifting from the central city to the suburbs. The percentage of landscape index (PLAND) and the patch cohesion index (COHESION) of woodland, water body, and cropland were negatively correlated with LST. Meanwhile, the PLAND and COHESION of impervious surface and bare land were positively correlated with LST, and the splitting index (SPLIT) was the opposite of the PLAND and COHESION. The fragmentation of impervious surfaces and bare land landscapes reduces the UHI effect. Based on these results, countermeasures to mitigate the heat island effect are proposed. These measures will play an essential role in improving urban ecology and the environmental quality of human settlements.