The Use of Mobile Health Interventions for Outcomes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review

Background: There are currently limited systematic reviews of mobile health interventions for middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes from trial studies. This review aimed to gather and analyze information from experimental studies investigating the efficacy of mobile health usability for outcomes among middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes. Methods: We conducted a literature search in five databases: Clinicaltrials.gov, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO, with a date range of January 2007 to July 2022 written in English, following a registered protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42022354351). The quality and possibility of bias were assessed using the Jadad score. The data extraction and analysis were conducted in a methodical manner. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 19 studies using randomized trial designs and 6 studies with non-randomized designs. The study outcomes were the incidence of diabetes mellitus, anthropometric measures, laboratory examinations, measures of physical activity, and dietary behavior. During long-term follow-up, there was no significant difference between mobile health interventions and controls in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings of the studies for weight change, ≥3% and ≥5% weight loss, body mass index, and waist circumference changes were inconsistent. The efficacy of mobile health as an intervention for physical activity and dietary changes was lacking in conclusion. Most studies found that mobile health lacks sufficient evidence to change hbA1c. According to most of these studies, there was no significant difference in blood lipid level reduction. Conclusions: The use of mobile health was not sufficiently proven to be effective for middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes.