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Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19
The serious clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. AKI in COVID-19 is above all a consequence of systemic dysregulations leading to inflammation, thrombosis, vascular endothelial damage and necrosis....
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012514 |
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author | Musiał, Kinga |
author_facet | Musiał, Kinga |
author_sort | Musiał, Kinga |
collection | PubMed |
description | The serious clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. AKI in COVID-19 is above all a consequence of systemic dysregulations leading to inflammation, thrombosis, vascular endothelial damage and necrosis. All these processes rely on the interactions between innate immunity elements, including circulating blood cells, resident renal cells, their cytokine products, complement systems, coagulation cascades and contact systems. Numerous simultaneous pathways of innate immunity should secure an effective host defense. Since they all form a network of cross-linked auto-amplification loops, uncontrolled activation is possible. When the actions of selected pathways amplify, cascade activation evades control and the propagation of inflammation and necrosis worsens, accompanied by complement overactivity and immunothrombosis. The systemic activation of innate immunity reaches the kidney, where the damage affecting single tubular cells spreads through tissue collateral damage and triggers AKI. This review is an attempt to synthetize the connections between innate immunity components engaged in COVID-19-related AKI and to summarize the knowledge on the pathophysiological background of processes responsible for renal damage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9604105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96041052022-10-27 Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 Musiał, Kinga Int J Mol Sci Review The serious clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. AKI in COVID-19 is above all a consequence of systemic dysregulations leading to inflammation, thrombosis, vascular endothelial damage and necrosis. All these processes rely on the interactions between innate immunity elements, including circulating blood cells, resident renal cells, their cytokine products, complement systems, coagulation cascades and contact systems. Numerous simultaneous pathways of innate immunity should secure an effective host defense. Since they all form a network of cross-linked auto-amplification loops, uncontrolled activation is possible. When the actions of selected pathways amplify, cascade activation evades control and the propagation of inflammation and necrosis worsens, accompanied by complement overactivity and immunothrombosis. The systemic activation of innate immunity reaches the kidney, where the damage affecting single tubular cells spreads through tissue collateral damage and triggers AKI. This review is an attempt to synthetize the connections between innate immunity components engaged in COVID-19-related AKI and to summarize the knowledge on the pathophysiological background of processes responsible for renal damage. MDPI 2022-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9604105/ /pubmed/36293370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012514 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Musiał, Kinga Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title | Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title_full | Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title_short | Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19 |
title_sort | update on innate immunity in acute kidney injury—lessons taken from covid-19 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012514 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT musiałkinga updateoninnateimmunityinacutekidneyinjurylessonstakenfromcovid19 |