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Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis (AS), the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. The result is the thickening and clogging of these vessel walls. Se...

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Autores principales: Gardin, Chiara, Ferroni, Letizia, Leo, Sara, Tremoli, Elena, Zavan, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293399
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012546
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author Gardin, Chiara
Ferroni, Letizia
Leo, Sara
Tremoli, Elena
Zavan, Barbara
author_facet Gardin, Chiara
Ferroni, Letizia
Leo, Sara
Tremoli, Elena
Zavan, Barbara
author_sort Gardin, Chiara
collection PubMed
description Atherosclerosis (AS), the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. The result is the thickening and clogging of these vessel walls. Several cell types are directly involved in the pathological progression of AS. Among them, platelets represent the link between AS, inflammation, and thrombosis. Indeed, besides their pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are key mediators of inflammation at injury sites, where they act by regulating the function of other blood and vascular cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs), leukocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to a central role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs) in the modulation of AS pathogenesis. However, while the role of platelet-derived microparticles (P-MPs) has been significantly investigated in recent years, the same cannot be said for platelet-derived exosomes (P-EXOs). For this reason, this reviews aims at summarizing the isolation methods and biological characteristics of P-EXOs, and at discussing their involvement in intercellular communication in the pathogenesis of AS. Evidence showing how P-EXOs and their cargo can be used as biomarkers for AS is also presented in this review.
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spelling pubmed-96042382022-10-27 Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis Gardin, Chiara Ferroni, Letizia Leo, Sara Tremoli, Elena Zavan, Barbara Int J Mol Sci Review Atherosclerosis (AS), the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. The result is the thickening and clogging of these vessel walls. Several cell types are directly involved in the pathological progression of AS. Among them, platelets represent the link between AS, inflammation, and thrombosis. Indeed, besides their pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are key mediators of inflammation at injury sites, where they act by regulating the function of other blood and vascular cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs), leukocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to a central role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs) in the modulation of AS pathogenesis. However, while the role of platelet-derived microparticles (P-MPs) has been significantly investigated in recent years, the same cannot be said for platelet-derived exosomes (P-EXOs). For this reason, this reviews aims at summarizing the isolation methods and biological characteristics of P-EXOs, and at discussing their involvement in intercellular communication in the pathogenesis of AS. Evidence showing how P-EXOs and their cargo can be used as biomarkers for AS is also presented in this review. MDPI 2022-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9604238/ /pubmed/36293399 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012546 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gardin, Chiara
Ferroni, Letizia
Leo, Sara
Tremoli, Elena
Zavan, Barbara
Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title_full Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title_fullStr Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title_short Platelet-Derived Exosomes in Atherosclerosis
title_sort platelet-derived exosomes in atherosclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36293399
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012546
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