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Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review
Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause for stroke, with significant associated disease burden morbidity and mortality in Western societies. Diagnosis, grading and follow-up of carotid atherosclerotic disease relies on imaging, specifically ultrasound (US) as the initial modality of choice. Traditi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206196 |
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author | Alexandratou, Maria Papachristodoulou, Angeliki Li, Xin Partovi, Sasan Davidhi, Andjoli Rafailidis, Vasileios Prassopoulos, Panos Kamperidis, Vasileios Koutroulou, Ioanna Tsivgoulis, Georgios Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Krogias, Christos Karapanayiotides, Theodore |
author_facet | Alexandratou, Maria Papachristodoulou, Angeliki Li, Xin Partovi, Sasan Davidhi, Andjoli Rafailidis, Vasileios Prassopoulos, Panos Kamperidis, Vasileios Koutroulou, Ioanna Tsivgoulis, Georgios Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Krogias, Christos Karapanayiotides, Theodore |
author_sort | Alexandratou, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause for stroke, with significant associated disease burden morbidity and mortality in Western societies. Diagnosis, grading and follow-up of carotid atherosclerotic disease relies on imaging, specifically ultrasound (US) as the initial modality of choice. Traditionally, the degree of carotid lumen stenosis was considered the sole risk factor to predict brain ischemia. However, modern research has shown that a variety of other imaging biomarkers, such as plaque echogenicity, surface morphology, intraplaque neovascularization and vasa vasorum contribute to the risk for rupture of carotid atheromas with subsequent cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, the majority of embolic strokes of undetermined origin are probably arteriogenic and are associated with nonstenosing atheromas. Therefore, a state-of-the-art US scan of the carotid arteries should take advantage of recent technical developments and should provide detailed information about potential thrombogenic (/) and emboligenic arterial wall features. This manuscript reviews recent advances in ultrasonographic assessment of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques and highlights the fields of future development in multiparametric arterial wall imaging, in an attempt to convey the most important take-home messages for clinicians performing carotid ultrasound. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9604731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96047312022-10-27 Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review Alexandratou, Maria Papachristodoulou, Angeliki Li, Xin Partovi, Sasan Davidhi, Andjoli Rafailidis, Vasileios Prassopoulos, Panos Kamperidis, Vasileios Koutroulou, Ioanna Tsivgoulis, Georgios Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Krogias, Christos Karapanayiotides, Theodore J Clin Med Review Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause for stroke, with significant associated disease burden morbidity and mortality in Western societies. Diagnosis, grading and follow-up of carotid atherosclerotic disease relies on imaging, specifically ultrasound (US) as the initial modality of choice. Traditionally, the degree of carotid lumen stenosis was considered the sole risk factor to predict brain ischemia. However, modern research has shown that a variety of other imaging biomarkers, such as plaque echogenicity, surface morphology, intraplaque neovascularization and vasa vasorum contribute to the risk for rupture of carotid atheromas with subsequent cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, the majority of embolic strokes of undetermined origin are probably arteriogenic and are associated with nonstenosing atheromas. Therefore, a state-of-the-art US scan of the carotid arteries should take advantage of recent technical developments and should provide detailed information about potential thrombogenic (/) and emboligenic arterial wall features. This manuscript reviews recent advances in ultrasonographic assessment of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques and highlights the fields of future development in multiparametric arterial wall imaging, in an attempt to convey the most important take-home messages for clinicians performing carotid ultrasound. MDPI 2022-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9604731/ /pubmed/36294515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206196 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Alexandratou, Maria Papachristodoulou, Angeliki Li, Xin Partovi, Sasan Davidhi, Andjoli Rafailidis, Vasileios Prassopoulos, Panos Kamperidis, Vasileios Koutroulou, Ioanna Tsivgoulis, Georgios Grigoriadis, Nikolaos Krogias, Christos Karapanayiotides, Theodore Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title | Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | advances in noninvasive carotid wall imaging with ultrasound: a narrative review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206196 |
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