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Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the diff...

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Autores principales: Cantinotti, Massimiliano, Marchese, Pietro, Assanta, Nadia, Pizzuto, Alessandra, Corana, Giulia, Santoro, Giuseppe, Franchi, Eliana, Viacava, Cecilia, Van den Eynde, Jef, Kutty, Shelby, Gargani, Luna, Giordano, Raffaele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999
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author Cantinotti, Massimiliano
Marchese, Pietro
Assanta, Nadia
Pizzuto, Alessandra
Corana, Giulia
Santoro, Giuseppe
Franchi, Eliana
Viacava, Cecilia
Van den Eynde, Jef
Kutty, Shelby
Gargani, Luna
Giordano, Raffaele
author_facet Cantinotti, Massimiliano
Marchese, Pietro
Assanta, Nadia
Pizzuto, Alessandra
Corana, Giulia
Santoro, Giuseppe
Franchi, Eliana
Viacava, Cecilia
Van den Eynde, Jef
Kutty, Shelby
Gargani, Luna
Giordano, Raffaele
author_sort Cantinotti, Massimiliano
collection PubMed
description Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the differences in children who did not experience COVID-19 and in those with recent, not severe, previous COVID-19. Methods: LUS was performed according to standardized protocols. Different patterns of normality were defined: pattern 1: no plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 2: only mild basal posterior plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 3: mild posterior basal/para-spine/apical pleural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 4: like pattern 3 plus rare B-lines; pattern 5: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and rare B-lines; pattern 6: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and limited B-lines; pattern 7: like pattern 6 plus minimal subpleural atelectasis. Coalescent B-lines, consolidations, or effusion were considered pathological. Results: Overall, 459 healthy children were prospectively recruited (mean age 10.564 ± 3.839 years). Children were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 336), those who had not had COVID-19 infection, and group 2 (n = 123), those who experienced COVID-19 infection. Children with previous COVID-19 had higher values of LUS score than those who had not (p = 0.0002). Children with asymptomatic COVID-19 had similar LUS score as those who did not have infections (p > 0.05), while those who had symptoms showed higher LUS score than those who had not shown symptoms (p = 0.0228). Conclusions: We report the pattern of normality for LUS examination in children. We also showed that otherwise healthy children who recovered from COVID-19 and even those who were mildly symptomatic had more “physiological” artifacts at LUS examinations.
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spelling pubmed-96050022022-10-27 Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection Cantinotti, Massimiliano Marchese, Pietro Assanta, Nadia Pizzuto, Alessandra Corana, Giulia Santoro, Giuseppe Franchi, Eliana Viacava, Cecilia Van den Eynde, Jef Kutty, Shelby Gargani, Luna Giordano, Raffaele J Clin Med Article Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the differences in children who did not experience COVID-19 and in those with recent, not severe, previous COVID-19. Methods: LUS was performed according to standardized protocols. Different patterns of normality were defined: pattern 1: no plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 2: only mild basal posterior plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 3: mild posterior basal/para-spine/apical pleural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 4: like pattern 3 plus rare B-lines; pattern 5: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and rare B-lines; pattern 6: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and limited B-lines; pattern 7: like pattern 6 plus minimal subpleural atelectasis. Coalescent B-lines, consolidations, or effusion were considered pathological. Results: Overall, 459 healthy children were prospectively recruited (mean age 10.564 ± 3.839 years). Children were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 336), those who had not had COVID-19 infection, and group 2 (n = 123), those who experienced COVID-19 infection. Children with previous COVID-19 had higher values of LUS score than those who had not (p = 0.0002). Children with asymptomatic COVID-19 had similar LUS score as those who did not have infections (p > 0.05), while those who had symptoms showed higher LUS score than those who had not shown symptoms (p = 0.0228). Conclusions: We report the pattern of normality for LUS examination in children. We also showed that otherwise healthy children who recovered from COVID-19 and even those who were mildly symptomatic had more “physiological” artifacts at LUS examinations. MDPI 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9605002/ /pubmed/36294320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cantinotti, Massimiliano
Marchese, Pietro
Assanta, Nadia
Pizzuto, Alessandra
Corana, Giulia
Santoro, Giuseppe
Franchi, Eliana
Viacava, Cecilia
Van den Eynde, Jef
Kutty, Shelby
Gargani, Luna
Giordano, Raffaele
Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title_full Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title_fullStr Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title_full_unstemmed Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title_short Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
title_sort lung ultrasound findings in healthy children and in those who had recent, not severe covid-19 infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999
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