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Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection
Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the diff...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999 |
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author | Cantinotti, Massimiliano Marchese, Pietro Assanta, Nadia Pizzuto, Alessandra Corana, Giulia Santoro, Giuseppe Franchi, Eliana Viacava, Cecilia Van den Eynde, Jef Kutty, Shelby Gargani, Luna Giordano, Raffaele |
author_facet | Cantinotti, Massimiliano Marchese, Pietro Assanta, Nadia Pizzuto, Alessandra Corana, Giulia Santoro, Giuseppe Franchi, Eliana Viacava, Cecilia Van den Eynde, Jef Kutty, Shelby Gargani, Luna Giordano, Raffaele |
author_sort | Cantinotti, Massimiliano |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the differences in children who did not experience COVID-19 and in those with recent, not severe, previous COVID-19. Methods: LUS was performed according to standardized protocols. Different patterns of normality were defined: pattern 1: no plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 2: only mild basal posterior plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 3: mild posterior basal/para-spine/apical pleural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 4: like pattern 3 plus rare B-lines; pattern 5: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and rare B-lines; pattern 6: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and limited B-lines; pattern 7: like pattern 6 plus minimal subpleural atelectasis. Coalescent B-lines, consolidations, or effusion were considered pathological. Results: Overall, 459 healthy children were prospectively recruited (mean age 10.564 ± 3.839 years). Children were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 336), those who had not had COVID-19 infection, and group 2 (n = 123), those who experienced COVID-19 infection. Children with previous COVID-19 had higher values of LUS score than those who had not (p = 0.0002). Children with asymptomatic COVID-19 had similar LUS score as those who did not have infections (p > 0.05), while those who had symptoms showed higher LUS score than those who had not shown symptoms (p = 0.0228). Conclusions: We report the pattern of normality for LUS examination in children. We also showed that otherwise healthy children who recovered from COVID-19 and even those who were mildly symptomatic had more “physiological” artifacts at LUS examinations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9605002 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96050022022-10-27 Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection Cantinotti, Massimiliano Marchese, Pietro Assanta, Nadia Pizzuto, Alessandra Corana, Giulia Santoro, Giuseppe Franchi, Eliana Viacava, Cecilia Van den Eynde, Jef Kutty, Shelby Gargani, Luna Giordano, Raffaele J Clin Med Article Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining consensus as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children. Aim: To clarify what type of artifacts (e.g., B-lines, pleural irregularity) can be defined normal LUS findings in children and to evaluate the differences in children who did not experience COVID-19 and in those with recent, not severe, previous COVID-19. Methods: LUS was performed according to standardized protocols. Different patterns of normality were defined: pattern 1: no plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 2: only mild basal posterior plural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 3: mild posterior basal/para-spine/apical pleural irregularity and no B-lines; pattern 4: like pattern 3 plus rare B-lines; pattern 5: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and rare B-lines; pattern 6: mild, diffuse short subpleural vertical artifacts and limited B-lines; pattern 7: like pattern 6 plus minimal subpleural atelectasis. Coalescent B-lines, consolidations, or effusion were considered pathological. Results: Overall, 459 healthy children were prospectively recruited (mean age 10.564 ± 3.839 years). Children were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 336), those who had not had COVID-19 infection, and group 2 (n = 123), those who experienced COVID-19 infection. Children with previous COVID-19 had higher values of LUS score than those who had not (p = 0.0002). Children with asymptomatic COVID-19 had similar LUS score as those who did not have infections (p > 0.05), while those who had symptoms showed higher LUS score than those who had not shown symptoms (p = 0.0228). Conclusions: We report the pattern of normality for LUS examination in children. We also showed that otherwise healthy children who recovered from COVID-19 and even those who were mildly symptomatic had more “physiological” artifacts at LUS examinations. MDPI 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9605002/ /pubmed/36294320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cantinotti, Massimiliano Marchese, Pietro Assanta, Nadia Pizzuto, Alessandra Corana, Giulia Santoro, Giuseppe Franchi, Eliana Viacava, Cecilia Van den Eynde, Jef Kutty, Shelby Gargani, Luna Giordano, Raffaele Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title | Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title_full | Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title_fullStr | Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title_short | Lung Ultrasound Findings in Healthy Children and in Those Who Had Recent, Not Severe COVID-19 Infection |
title_sort | lung ultrasound findings in healthy children and in those who had recent, not severe covid-19 infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205999 |
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