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Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF

Aims: This study aimed to investigate gadolinium (Gd) and bio-metals in a renal allograft of a patient who was shortly after transplantation repeatedly exposed to a Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA), with the purpose of determining whether Gd can be proven and spatially and quantitatively imaged. Furth...

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Autores principales: Osterode, Wolf, Falkenberg, Gerald, Regele, Heinz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36286348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100254
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author Osterode, Wolf
Falkenberg, Gerald
Regele, Heinz
author_facet Osterode, Wolf
Falkenberg, Gerald
Regele, Heinz
author_sort Osterode, Wolf
collection PubMed
description Aims: This study aimed to investigate gadolinium (Gd) and bio-metals in a renal allograft of a patient who was shortly after transplantation repeatedly exposed to a Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA), with the purpose of determining whether Gd can be proven and spatially and quantitatively imaged. Further elemental associations between Gd and bio-metals were also investigated. Materials and Methods: Archival paraffin-embedded kidney tissue (eight weeks after transplantation) was investigated by microscopic synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (µSRXRF) at the DORIS III storage ring, beamline L, at HASYLAB/DESY (Hamburg, Germany). For the quantification of elements, X-ray spectra were peak-fitted, and the net peak intensities were normalized to the intensity of the incoming monochromatic beam intensity. Concentrations were calculated by fundamental parameter-based program quant and external standardization. Results: Analysis of about 15,000 µSRXRF spectra (comprising allograft tissue of four cm(2)) Gd distribution could be quantitatively demonstrated in a near histological resolution. Mean Gd resulted in 24 ± 55 ppm with a maximum of 2363 ppm. The standard deviation of ±55 ppm characterized the huge differences in Gd and not in detection accuracy. Gd was heterogeneously but not randomly distributed and was mostly found in areas with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Concentrations of all other investigated elements in the allograft resembled those found in normal kidney tissue. No correlations between Gd and bio-metals such as calcium, strontium or zinc below ~40 ppm Gd existed. In areas with extremely high Gd, Gd was associated with iron and zinc. Conclusions: We could show that no dose-dependent association between Gd and bio-metals exists—least in renal tissue—at Gd concentrations below ~40 ppm Gd. This was proven compared with a GBCA-exposed end-stage renal failure in which the mean Gd was ten-fold higher. Our results could shed additional light on Gd metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-96050412022-10-27 Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF Osterode, Wolf Falkenberg, Gerald Regele, Heinz J Imaging Article Aims: This study aimed to investigate gadolinium (Gd) and bio-metals in a renal allograft of a patient who was shortly after transplantation repeatedly exposed to a Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA), with the purpose of determining whether Gd can be proven and spatially and quantitatively imaged. Further elemental associations between Gd and bio-metals were also investigated. Materials and Methods: Archival paraffin-embedded kidney tissue (eight weeks after transplantation) was investigated by microscopic synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (µSRXRF) at the DORIS III storage ring, beamline L, at HASYLAB/DESY (Hamburg, Germany). For the quantification of elements, X-ray spectra were peak-fitted, and the net peak intensities were normalized to the intensity of the incoming monochromatic beam intensity. Concentrations were calculated by fundamental parameter-based program quant and external standardization. Results: Analysis of about 15,000 µSRXRF spectra (comprising allograft tissue of four cm(2)) Gd distribution could be quantitatively demonstrated in a near histological resolution. Mean Gd resulted in 24 ± 55 ppm with a maximum of 2363 ppm. The standard deviation of ±55 ppm characterized the huge differences in Gd and not in detection accuracy. Gd was heterogeneously but not randomly distributed and was mostly found in areas with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Concentrations of all other investigated elements in the allograft resembled those found in normal kidney tissue. No correlations between Gd and bio-metals such as calcium, strontium or zinc below ~40 ppm Gd existed. In areas with extremely high Gd, Gd was associated with iron and zinc. Conclusions: We could show that no dose-dependent association between Gd and bio-metals exists—least in renal tissue—at Gd concentrations below ~40 ppm Gd. This was proven compared with a GBCA-exposed end-stage renal failure in which the mean Gd was ten-fold higher. Our results could shed additional light on Gd metabolism. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9605041/ /pubmed/36286348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100254 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Osterode, Wolf
Falkenberg, Gerald
Regele, Heinz
Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title_full Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title_fullStr Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title_full_unstemmed Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title_short Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF
title_sort gadolinium and bio-metal association: a concentration dependency tested in a renal allograft and investigated by micro-synchrotron xrf
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36286348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100254
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