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Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

(1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leu...

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Autores principales: Mori, Kentaro, Sasamoto, Takeaki, Nakayama, Tetsuo, Morichi, Shinichiro, Kashiwagi, Yasuyo, Sawada, Akihito, Kawashima, Hisashi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042
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author Mori, Kentaro
Sasamoto, Takeaki
Nakayama, Tetsuo
Morichi, Shinichiro
Kashiwagi, Yasuyo
Sawada, Akihito
Kawashima, Hisashi
author_facet Mori, Kentaro
Sasamoto, Takeaki
Nakayama, Tetsuo
Morichi, Shinichiro
Kashiwagi, Yasuyo
Sawada, Akihito
Kawashima, Hisashi
author_sort Mori, Kentaro
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leukocytes, which leads to damage of the airways. We hence performed an immunological study based on the assumption that a chemokine/interleukin imbalance affects respiratory disorders caused by bronchiolitis and severe pneumonia. (2) Methods: The subjects were 19 infants without any underlying diseases, who developed respiratory symptoms owing to RSV infection. The subjects were stratified by their symptom severity, and chemokine and interleukin levels in their serum and tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) were measured. (3) Results: The data of TAF, which were only obtained from subjects with severe symptoms, indicated that levels of inflammatory interleukins were much lower than the levels of chemokines. Three out of 6 subjects with severe symptoms showed below detectable levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also lower than those of chemokines. The main increased CCL chemokines were CCL21 and CCL25, and the main increased CXCL chemokines were CXCL5, 8, 10, 12, and CX3CL1 in the lower respiratory region. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum CX3CL1 and IL-6 levels were most strongly associated with symptom severity. This is the first report to date demonstrating that serum CX3CL1 level is associated with the severity of RSV infection. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that specific chemokines and the imbalance of cytokines are suspected to be associated with aggravated symptoms of RSV infection.
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spelling pubmed-96053652022-10-27 Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Mori, Kentaro Sasamoto, Takeaki Nakayama, Tetsuo Morichi, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yasuyo Sawada, Akihito Kawashima, Hisashi J Clin Med Article (1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leukocytes, which leads to damage of the airways. We hence performed an immunological study based on the assumption that a chemokine/interleukin imbalance affects respiratory disorders caused by bronchiolitis and severe pneumonia. (2) Methods: The subjects were 19 infants without any underlying diseases, who developed respiratory symptoms owing to RSV infection. The subjects were stratified by their symptom severity, and chemokine and interleukin levels in their serum and tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) were measured. (3) Results: The data of TAF, which were only obtained from subjects with severe symptoms, indicated that levels of inflammatory interleukins were much lower than the levels of chemokines. Three out of 6 subjects with severe symptoms showed below detectable levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also lower than those of chemokines. The main increased CCL chemokines were CCL21 and CCL25, and the main increased CXCL chemokines were CXCL5, 8, 10, 12, and CX3CL1 in the lower respiratory region. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum CX3CL1 and IL-6 levels were most strongly associated with symptom severity. This is the first report to date demonstrating that serum CX3CL1 level is associated with the severity of RSV infection. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that specific chemokines and the imbalance of cytokines are suspected to be associated with aggravated symptoms of RSV infection. MDPI 2022-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9605365/ /pubmed/36294363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mori, Kentaro
Sasamoto, Takeaki
Nakayama, Tetsuo
Morichi, Shinichiro
Kashiwagi, Yasuyo
Sawada, Akihito
Kawashima, Hisashi
Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title_full Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title_fullStr Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title_short Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
title_sort chemokine/interleukin imbalance aggravates the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042
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