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Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
(1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042 |
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author | Mori, Kentaro Sasamoto, Takeaki Nakayama, Tetsuo Morichi, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yasuyo Sawada, Akihito Kawashima, Hisashi |
author_facet | Mori, Kentaro Sasamoto, Takeaki Nakayama, Tetsuo Morichi, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yasuyo Sawada, Akihito Kawashima, Hisashi |
author_sort | Mori, Kentaro |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leukocytes, which leads to damage of the airways. We hence performed an immunological study based on the assumption that a chemokine/interleukin imbalance affects respiratory disorders caused by bronchiolitis and severe pneumonia. (2) Methods: The subjects were 19 infants without any underlying diseases, who developed respiratory symptoms owing to RSV infection. The subjects were stratified by their symptom severity, and chemokine and interleukin levels in their serum and tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) were measured. (3) Results: The data of TAF, which were only obtained from subjects with severe symptoms, indicated that levels of inflammatory interleukins were much lower than the levels of chemokines. Three out of 6 subjects with severe symptoms showed below detectable levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also lower than those of chemokines. The main increased CCL chemokines were CCL21 and CCL25, and the main increased CXCL chemokines were CXCL5, 8, 10, 12, and CX3CL1 in the lower respiratory region. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum CX3CL1 and IL-6 levels were most strongly associated with symptom severity. This is the first report to date demonstrating that serum CX3CL1 level is associated with the severity of RSV infection. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that specific chemokines and the imbalance of cytokines are suspected to be associated with aggravated symptoms of RSV infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9605365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96053652022-10-27 Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Mori, Kentaro Sasamoto, Takeaki Nakayama, Tetsuo Morichi, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yasuyo Sawada, Akihito Kawashima, Hisashi J Clin Med Article (1) Background: Almost 100% of children are initially infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by the age of 2 years, with 30% to 40% of children developing lower respiratory tract infections, of which 1% to 3% become severe. The severity of RSV-induced disease correlates with the influx of leukocytes, which leads to damage of the airways. We hence performed an immunological study based on the assumption that a chemokine/interleukin imbalance affects respiratory disorders caused by bronchiolitis and severe pneumonia. (2) Methods: The subjects were 19 infants without any underlying diseases, who developed respiratory symptoms owing to RSV infection. The subjects were stratified by their symptom severity, and chemokine and interleukin levels in their serum and tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) were measured. (3) Results: The data of TAF, which were only obtained from subjects with severe symptoms, indicated that levels of inflammatory interleukins were much lower than the levels of chemokines. Three out of 6 subjects with severe symptoms showed below detectable levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also lower than those of chemokines. The main increased CCL chemokines were CCL21 and CCL25, and the main increased CXCL chemokines were CXCL5, 8, 10, 12, and CX3CL1 in the lower respiratory region. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum CX3CL1 and IL-6 levels were most strongly associated with symptom severity. This is the first report to date demonstrating that serum CX3CL1 level is associated with the severity of RSV infection. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that specific chemokines and the imbalance of cytokines are suspected to be associated with aggravated symptoms of RSV infection. MDPI 2022-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9605365/ /pubmed/36294363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mori, Kentaro Sasamoto, Takeaki Nakayama, Tetsuo Morichi, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yasuyo Sawada, Akihito Kawashima, Hisashi Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title | Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title_full | Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title_fullStr | Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title_short | Chemokine/Interleukin Imbalance Aggravates the Pathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
title_sort | chemokine/interleukin imbalance aggravates the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36294363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206042 |
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