Lactate level and lactate clearance for acute kidney injury prediction among patients admitted with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Hyperlactatemia is a prognostic marker among patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the predictive value of lactate and the dynamic change associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients with STEMI, remain poorly understood. We aimed to compare single lactate values at admission (Lac(adm)) and 12 h after admission (Lac(12h)) with lactate clearance (LC) 12 h after admission for AKI prediction in patients with STEMI. METHODS: A total of 1,784 patients with STEMI were included. The study endpoint was AKI occurrence during hospitalization. The predictive value of lactate levels measured at admission and 12 h after admission and LC for AKI prediction was determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses and compared with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Overall, AKI was observed in 353 (19.8%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, Lac(adm) ≥ 4.3 mmol/L (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01–2.30), Lac(12h) ≥ 2.1 mmol/L (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.36–2.42), and LC ≥ −7.5% (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.30–0.53) were the independent predictive factors for AKI after adjusting for confounders. ROC curve analysis results revealed that Lac(12h) (0.639; 95% CI: 0.616–0.661) exhibited a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) than those of Lac(adm) (0.551; 95% CI: 0.527–0.574) and LC (0.593; 95% CI: 0.570–0.616) in the prediction of AKI. LC ((△)AUC = 0.037, p < 0.001) and Lac(12h) ((△)AUC = 0.017, p = 0.029) enhanced the discrimination capacity of Mehran Risk Score (MRS) for AKI among patients undergoing emergency coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: Lac(12h) is more effective for AKI prediction among patients with STEMI than Lac(adm) and LC. Furthermore, Lac(12h) and LC enhance the prediction capacity of MRS for AKI among patients after emergency coronary angiography.