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The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population
BACKGROUND: Chronic stress and depressive symptoms have both been linked to increased heart rate (HR) and reduced HR variability. However, up to date, it is not clear whether chronic stress, the mechanisms intrinsic to depression or a combination of both cause these alterations. Subclinical cases ma...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9606467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022298 |
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author | Lutin, Erika Schiweck, Carmen Cornelis, Jan De Raedt, Walter Reif, Andreas Vrieze, Elske Claes, Stephan Van Hoof, Chris |
author_facet | Lutin, Erika Schiweck, Carmen Cornelis, Jan De Raedt, Walter Reif, Andreas Vrieze, Elske Claes, Stephan Van Hoof, Chris |
author_sort | Lutin, Erika |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Chronic stress and depressive symptoms have both been linked to increased heart rate (HR) and reduced HR variability. However, up to date, it is not clear whether chronic stress, the mechanisms intrinsic to depression or a combination of both cause these alterations. Subclinical cases may help to answer these questions. In a healthy working population, we aimed to investigate whether the effect of chronic stress on HR circadian rhythm depends on the presence of depressive symptoms and whether chronic stress and depressive symptoms have differential effects on HR reactivity to an acute stressor. METHODS: 1,002 individuals of the SWEET study completed baseline questionnaires, including psychological information, and 5 days of electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Complete datasets were available for 516 individuals. In addition, a subset (n = 194) of these participants completed a stress task on a mobile device. Participants were grouped according to their scores for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We explored the resulting groups for differences in HR circadian rhythm and stress reactivity using linear mixed effect models. Additionally, we explored the effect of stress and depressive symptoms on night-time HR variability [root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)]. RESULTS: High and extreme stress alone did not alter HR circadian rhythm, apart from a limited increase in basal HR. Yet, if depressive symptoms were present, extreme chronic stress levels did lead to a blunted circadian rhythm and a lower basal HR. Furthermore, blunted stress reactivity was associated with depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress. Night-time RMSSD data was not influenced by chronic stress, depressive symptoms or their interaction. CONCLUSION: The combination of stress and depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress by itself leads to a blunted HR circadian rhythm. Furthermore, blunted HR reactivity is associated with depressive symptoms and not chronic stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9606467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96064672022-10-28 The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population Lutin, Erika Schiweck, Carmen Cornelis, Jan De Raedt, Walter Reif, Andreas Vrieze, Elske Claes, Stephan Van Hoof, Chris Front Psychiatry Psychiatry BACKGROUND: Chronic stress and depressive symptoms have both been linked to increased heart rate (HR) and reduced HR variability. However, up to date, it is not clear whether chronic stress, the mechanisms intrinsic to depression or a combination of both cause these alterations. Subclinical cases may help to answer these questions. In a healthy working population, we aimed to investigate whether the effect of chronic stress on HR circadian rhythm depends on the presence of depressive symptoms and whether chronic stress and depressive symptoms have differential effects on HR reactivity to an acute stressor. METHODS: 1,002 individuals of the SWEET study completed baseline questionnaires, including psychological information, and 5 days of electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Complete datasets were available for 516 individuals. In addition, a subset (n = 194) of these participants completed a stress task on a mobile device. Participants were grouped according to their scores for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We explored the resulting groups for differences in HR circadian rhythm and stress reactivity using linear mixed effect models. Additionally, we explored the effect of stress and depressive symptoms on night-time HR variability [root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)]. RESULTS: High and extreme stress alone did not alter HR circadian rhythm, apart from a limited increase in basal HR. Yet, if depressive symptoms were present, extreme chronic stress levels did lead to a blunted circadian rhythm and a lower basal HR. Furthermore, blunted stress reactivity was associated with depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress. Night-time RMSSD data was not influenced by chronic stress, depressive symptoms or their interaction. CONCLUSION: The combination of stress and depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress by itself leads to a blunted HR circadian rhythm. Furthermore, blunted HR reactivity is associated with depressive symptoms and not chronic stress. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9606467/ /pubmed/36311512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022298 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lutin, Schiweck, Cornelis, De Raedt, Reif, Vrieze, Claes and Van Hoof. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Lutin, Erika Schiweck, Carmen Cornelis, Jan De Raedt, Walter Reif, Andreas Vrieze, Elske Claes, Stephan Van Hoof, Chris The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title | The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title_full | The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title_fullStr | The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title_full_unstemmed | The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title_short | The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
title_sort | cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9606467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022298 |
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