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Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study

Monitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline...

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Autores principales: Shashkin, Pavel, Gurevich, Boris, Yavuz, Sinem, Glubokovskikh, Stanislav, Pevzner, Roman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207863
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author Shashkin, Pavel
Gurevich, Boris
Yavuz, Sinem
Glubokovskikh, Stanislav
Pevzner, Roman
author_facet Shashkin, Pavel
Gurevich, Boris
Yavuz, Sinem
Glubokovskikh, Stanislav
Pevzner, Roman
author_sort Shashkin, Pavel
collection PubMed
description Monitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline logging, but this approach requires well intervention and is not always possible. If the well is permanently instrumented with an optical fibre, it can be used as a distributed seismic receiver array to detect gas behind the casing by monitoring changes in amplitude of the seismic waves generated by active or passive seismic sources. Previous research showed the efficacy of this technique using continuous seismic sources. The Stage 3 Otway Project presented an opportunity to test this technique using passive seismic recording, as downhole fibre-optic arrays recorded numerous regional earthquakes over the period of nearly 2 years before, during, and after CO(2) injection. Analysis of P-wave amplitudes extracted from these downhole gathers shows a consistent amplitude anomaly at the injection level, visible in all events that occurred after the start of injection. This indicates that the anomaly is caused by changes in elastic properties in the reservoir caused by CO(2) saturation. However, extracted amplitudes show significant variability between earthquakes even without subsurface changes; thus, multiple events are required to distinguish the time-lapse anomaly from time-lapse noise. Ubiquity of these events even in a tectonically quiet region (such as Australia) makes this technique a viable and cost-effective option for downhole monitoring.
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spelling pubmed-96073042022-10-28 Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study Shashkin, Pavel Gurevich, Boris Yavuz, Sinem Glubokovskikh, Stanislav Pevzner, Roman Sensors (Basel) Article Monitoring changes of formation properties along the well bore associated with the presence of carbon dioxide can be important for both tracking the plume inside of the primary containment and detecting leakage into the zone located above the reservoir. This can be achieved with time lapse wireline logging, but this approach requires well intervention and is not always possible. If the well is permanently instrumented with an optical fibre, it can be used as a distributed seismic receiver array to detect gas behind the casing by monitoring changes in amplitude of the seismic waves generated by active or passive seismic sources. Previous research showed the efficacy of this technique using continuous seismic sources. The Stage 3 Otway Project presented an opportunity to test this technique using passive seismic recording, as downhole fibre-optic arrays recorded numerous regional earthquakes over the period of nearly 2 years before, during, and after CO(2) injection. Analysis of P-wave amplitudes extracted from these downhole gathers shows a consistent amplitude anomaly at the injection level, visible in all events that occurred after the start of injection. This indicates that the anomaly is caused by changes in elastic properties in the reservoir caused by CO(2) saturation. However, extracted amplitudes show significant variability between earthquakes even without subsurface changes; thus, multiple events are required to distinguish the time-lapse anomaly from time-lapse noise. Ubiquity of these events even in a tectonically quiet region (such as Australia) makes this technique a viable and cost-effective option for downhole monitoring. MDPI 2022-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9607304/ /pubmed/36298211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207863 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Shashkin, Pavel
Gurevich, Boris
Yavuz, Sinem
Glubokovskikh, Stanislav
Pevzner, Roman
Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title_full Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title_fullStr Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title_short Monitoring Injected CO(2) Using Earthquake Waves Measured by Downhole Fibre-Optic Sensors: CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Case Study
title_sort monitoring injected co(2) using earthquake waves measured by downhole fibre-optic sensors: co2crc otway stage 3 case study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207863
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