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The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity

In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple...

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Autores principales: Khare, Baldeep, Kuhn, Richard J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298768
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102213
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author Khare, Baldeep
Kuhn, Richard J.
author_facet Khare, Baldeep
Kuhn, Richard J.
author_sort Khare, Baldeep
collection PubMed
description In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple viruses belonging to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup co-circulate. Morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses dictates antibody recognition and affects virus neutralization, which influences infection control. The latter is further impacted by sequential infections involving diverse flaviviruses co-circulating within a region and their cross-reactivity. The ensuing complex molecular virus–host interplay leads to either cross-protection or disease enhancement; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of four JE serocomplex viruses, parameters affecting flaviviral heterogeneity and antibody recognition, host immune responses and the current knowledge of the cross-reactivity involving JE serocomplex flaviviruses that leads to differential clinical outcomes, which may inform future preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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spelling pubmed-96074412022-10-28 The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity Khare, Baldeep Kuhn, Richard J. Viruses Review In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple viruses belonging to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup co-circulate. Morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses dictates antibody recognition and affects virus neutralization, which influences infection control. The latter is further impacted by sequential infections involving diverse flaviviruses co-circulating within a region and their cross-reactivity. The ensuing complex molecular virus–host interplay leads to either cross-protection or disease enhancement; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of four JE serocomplex viruses, parameters affecting flaviviral heterogeneity and antibody recognition, host immune responses and the current knowledge of the cross-reactivity involving JE serocomplex flaviviruses that leads to differential clinical outcomes, which may inform future preventative and therapeutic interventions. MDPI 2022-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9607441/ /pubmed/36298768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102213 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Khare, Baldeep
Kuhn, Richard J.
The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title_full The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title_fullStr The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title_full_unstemmed The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title_short The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity
title_sort japanese encephalitis antigenic complex viruses: from structure to immunity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298768
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102213
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