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Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States
Hepadnaviruses are partially double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a variety of species. The prototypical virus in this family is the human hepatitis B virus, which chronically infects approximately 400 million people worldwide and is a risk factor for progressive liver disease and liver cancer. T...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102091 |
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author | Stone, Cassidy Petch, Raegan Gagne, Roderick B. Nehring, Mary Tu, Thomas Beatty, Julia A. VandeWoude, Sue |
author_facet | Stone, Cassidy Petch, Raegan Gagne, Roderick B. Nehring, Mary Tu, Thomas Beatty, Julia A. VandeWoude, Sue |
author_sort | Stone, Cassidy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepadnaviruses are partially double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a variety of species. The prototypical virus in this family is the human hepatitis B virus, which chronically infects approximately 400 million people worldwide and is a risk factor for progressive liver disease and liver cancer. The first hepadnavirus isolated from carnivores was a domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), initially identified in Australia and subsequently detected in cats in Europe and Asia. As with all characterized hepadnaviruses so far, DCH infection has been associated with hepatic disease in its host. Prevalence of this infection in the United States has not been explored broadly. Thus, we utilized conventional and quantitative PCR to screen several populations of domestic cats to estimate DCH prevalence in the United States. We detected DCH DNA in 1 out of 496 animals (0.2%) in the U.S. cohort. In contrast, we detected circulating DCH DNA in 7 positive animals from a cohort of 67 domestic cats from Australia (10.4%), consistent with previous studies. The complete consensus genome of the U.S. DCH isolate was sequenced by Sanger sequencing with overlapping PCR products. An in-frame deletion of 157 bp was identified in the N-terminus of the core open reading frame. The deletion begins at the direct repeat 1 sequence (i.e., the 5′ end of the expected double-stranded linear DNA form), consistent with covalently closed circular DNA resultant from illegitimate recombination described in other hepadnaviruses. Comparative genome sequence analysis indicated that the closest described relatives of the U.S. DCH isolate are those previously isolated in Italy. Motif analysis supports DCH using NTCP as an entry receptor, similar to human HBV. Our work indicates that chronic DCH prevalence in the U.S. is likely low compared to other countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9607532 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96075322022-10-28 Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States Stone, Cassidy Petch, Raegan Gagne, Roderick B. Nehring, Mary Tu, Thomas Beatty, Julia A. VandeWoude, Sue Viruses Article Hepadnaviruses are partially double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a variety of species. The prototypical virus in this family is the human hepatitis B virus, which chronically infects approximately 400 million people worldwide and is a risk factor for progressive liver disease and liver cancer. The first hepadnavirus isolated from carnivores was a domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), initially identified in Australia and subsequently detected in cats in Europe and Asia. As with all characterized hepadnaviruses so far, DCH infection has been associated with hepatic disease in its host. Prevalence of this infection in the United States has not been explored broadly. Thus, we utilized conventional and quantitative PCR to screen several populations of domestic cats to estimate DCH prevalence in the United States. We detected DCH DNA in 1 out of 496 animals (0.2%) in the U.S. cohort. In contrast, we detected circulating DCH DNA in 7 positive animals from a cohort of 67 domestic cats from Australia (10.4%), consistent with previous studies. The complete consensus genome of the U.S. DCH isolate was sequenced by Sanger sequencing with overlapping PCR products. An in-frame deletion of 157 bp was identified in the N-terminus of the core open reading frame. The deletion begins at the direct repeat 1 sequence (i.e., the 5′ end of the expected double-stranded linear DNA form), consistent with covalently closed circular DNA resultant from illegitimate recombination described in other hepadnaviruses. Comparative genome sequence analysis indicated that the closest described relatives of the U.S. DCH isolate are those previously isolated in Italy. Motif analysis supports DCH using NTCP as an entry receptor, similar to human HBV. Our work indicates that chronic DCH prevalence in the U.S. is likely low compared to other countries. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9607532/ /pubmed/36298647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102091 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Stone, Cassidy Petch, Raegan Gagne, Roderick B. Nehring, Mary Tu, Thomas Beatty, Julia A. VandeWoude, Sue Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title | Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title_full | Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title_short | Prevalence and Genomic Sequence Analysis of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in the United States |
title_sort | prevalence and genomic sequence analysis of domestic cat hepadnavirus in the united states |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102091 |
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