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Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) in bacteria, such as ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, are a burden to human and animal health. This burden is mainly driven by the consumption and release of antimicrobial substances into the environment. The pollution and contamination of habitats by AMR in bacteria and...

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Autores principales: Günther, Taras, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Fuhrmann, Marcel, Belik, Vitaly
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.980554
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author Günther, Taras
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Fuhrmann, Marcel
Belik, Vitaly
author_facet Günther, Taras
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Fuhrmann, Marcel
Belik, Vitaly
author_sort Günther, Taras
collection PubMed
description Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) in bacteria, such as ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, are a burden to human and animal health. This burden is mainly driven by the consumption and release of antimicrobial substances into the environment. The pollution and contamination of habitats by AMR in bacteria and antimicrobial substances can lead to the transmission of bacterial AMR to wildlife. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the transmission cycle of antibiotics and resistant bacteria between humans, and animals as well as their occurrences in the environment. Environmental factors associated with the occurrence of bacterial AMR in wildlife can lead to a better understanding of the distribution of bacterial AMR in humans and animals using One Health approaches. Here, we analyzed data gathered in the framework of the German zoonoses monitoring program in 2016 and 2020 using spatiotemporal statistics to identify relevant environmental factors (e.g., livestock density, climatic variables, and human density) in association with the spatial distribution of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. For this purpose, we developed a generic data integration and analysis pipeline to link spatially explicit environmental factors to the monitoring data. Finally, we built a binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to determine the factors associated with the spatial distribution of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. In 2016 and 2020, 807 fecal samples from hunted wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) were randomly taken in 13 federal states and selectively analyzed for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. Forty-eight isolates were identified in 12 German federal states, with an overall prevalence of 6%. We observed an almost three times higher probability of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates in wild boar in counties with high cattle densities (OR = 2.57, p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, we identified a seasonal effect in areas with high precipitation during the off-hunting seasons (OR = 2.78, p = 0.025) and low precipitation throughout the years (OR = 0.42, p = 0.025). However, due to the low amount of identified isolates, confidence intervals were wide, indicating a high level of uncertainty. This suggests that further studies on smaller scales need to be conducted with multiannual data and improved metadata, e.g., on the location, the hunting procedure, and species characteristics to be collected during field sampling.
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spelling pubmed-96081812022-10-28 Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa) Günther, Taras Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie Fuhrmann, Marcel Belik, Vitaly Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Antimicrobial resistances (AMR) in bacteria, such as ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, are a burden to human and animal health. This burden is mainly driven by the consumption and release of antimicrobial substances into the environment. The pollution and contamination of habitats by AMR in bacteria and antimicrobial substances can lead to the transmission of bacterial AMR to wildlife. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the transmission cycle of antibiotics and resistant bacteria between humans, and animals as well as their occurrences in the environment. Environmental factors associated with the occurrence of bacterial AMR in wildlife can lead to a better understanding of the distribution of bacterial AMR in humans and animals using One Health approaches. Here, we analyzed data gathered in the framework of the German zoonoses monitoring program in 2016 and 2020 using spatiotemporal statistics to identify relevant environmental factors (e.g., livestock density, climatic variables, and human density) in association with the spatial distribution of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. For this purpose, we developed a generic data integration and analysis pipeline to link spatially explicit environmental factors to the monitoring data. Finally, we built a binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to determine the factors associated with the spatial distribution of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. In 2016 and 2020, 807 fecal samples from hunted wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) were randomly taken in 13 federal states and selectively analyzed for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli. Forty-eight isolates were identified in 12 German federal states, with an overall prevalence of 6%. We observed an almost three times higher probability of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates in wild boar in counties with high cattle densities (OR = 2.57, p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, we identified a seasonal effect in areas with high precipitation during the off-hunting seasons (OR = 2.78, p = 0.025) and low precipitation throughout the years (OR = 0.42, p = 0.025). However, due to the low amount of identified isolates, confidence intervals were wide, indicating a high level of uncertainty. This suggests that further studies on smaller scales need to be conducted with multiannual data and improved metadata, e.g., on the location, the hunting procedure, and species characteristics to be collected during field sampling. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9608181/ /pubmed/36311652 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.980554 Text en Copyright © 2022 Günther, Kramer-Schadt, Fuhrmann and Belik. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Günther, Taras
Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
Fuhrmann, Marcel
Belik, Vitaly
Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title_full Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title_fullStr Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title_full_unstemmed Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title_short Environmental factors associated with the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
title_sort environmental factors associated with the prevalence of esbl/ampc-producing escherichia coli in wild boar (sus scrofa)
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.980554
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