Cargando…

Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models

Anatomical knowledge underpins the practice of many healthcare professions. While cadaveric specimens are generally used to demonstrate realistic anatomy, high cost, ethical considerations and limited accessibility can often impede their suitability for use as teaching tools. This study aimed to dev...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Geerlings-Batt, Jade, Tillett, Carley, Gupta, Ashu, Sun, Zhonghua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608320/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101701
_version_ 1784818742284255232
author Geerlings-Batt, Jade
Tillett, Carley
Gupta, Ashu
Sun, Zhonghua
author_facet Geerlings-Batt, Jade
Tillett, Carley
Gupta, Ashu
Sun, Zhonghua
author_sort Geerlings-Batt, Jade
collection PubMed
description Anatomical knowledge underpins the practice of many healthcare professions. While cadaveric specimens are generally used to demonstrate realistic anatomy, high cost, ethical considerations and limited accessibility can often impede their suitability for use as teaching tools. This study aimed to develop an alternative to traditional teaching methods; a novel teaching tool using augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) printed models to accurately demonstrate normal ankle and foot anatomy. An open-source software (3D Slicer) was used to segment a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset of a healthy volunteer ankle and produce virtual bone and musculature objects. Bone and musculature were segmented using seed-planting and interpolation functions, respectively. Virtual models were imported into Unity 3D, which was used to develop user interface and achieve interactability prior to export to the Microsoft HoloLens 2. Three life-size models of bony anatomy were printed in yellow polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane, with another model printed in white Visijet SL Flex with a supporting base attached to its plantar aspect. Interactive user interface with functional toggle switches was developed. Object recognition did not function as intended, with adequate tracking and AR superimposition not achieved. The models accurately demonstrate bony foot and ankle anatomy in relation to the associated musculature. Although segmentation outcomes were sufficient, the process was highly time consuming, with effective object recognition tools relatively inaccessible. This may limit the reproducibility of augmented reality learning tools on a larger scale. Research is required to determine the extent to which this tool accurately demonstrates anatomy and ascertain whether use of this tool improves learning outcomes and is effective for teaching anatomy.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9608320
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-96083202022-10-28 Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models Geerlings-Batt, Jade Tillett, Carley Gupta, Ashu Sun, Zhonghua Micromachines (Basel) Article Anatomical knowledge underpins the practice of many healthcare professions. While cadaveric specimens are generally used to demonstrate realistic anatomy, high cost, ethical considerations and limited accessibility can often impede their suitability for use as teaching tools. This study aimed to develop an alternative to traditional teaching methods; a novel teaching tool using augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) printed models to accurately demonstrate normal ankle and foot anatomy. An open-source software (3D Slicer) was used to segment a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset of a healthy volunteer ankle and produce virtual bone and musculature objects. Bone and musculature were segmented using seed-planting and interpolation functions, respectively. Virtual models were imported into Unity 3D, which was used to develop user interface and achieve interactability prior to export to the Microsoft HoloLens 2. Three life-size models of bony anatomy were printed in yellow polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane, with another model printed in white Visijet SL Flex with a supporting base attached to its plantar aspect. Interactive user interface with functional toggle switches was developed. Object recognition did not function as intended, with adequate tracking and AR superimposition not achieved. The models accurately demonstrate bony foot and ankle anatomy in relation to the associated musculature. Although segmentation outcomes were sufficient, the process was highly time consuming, with effective object recognition tools relatively inaccessible. This may limit the reproducibility of augmented reality learning tools on a larger scale. Research is required to determine the extent to which this tool accurately demonstrates anatomy and ascertain whether use of this tool improves learning outcomes and is effective for teaching anatomy. MDPI 2022-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9608320/ /pubmed/36296054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101701 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Geerlings-Batt, Jade
Tillett, Carley
Gupta, Ashu
Sun, Zhonghua
Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title_full Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title_fullStr Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title_short Enhanced Visualisation of Normal Anatomy with Potential Use of Augmented Reality Superimposed on Three-Dimensional Printed Models
title_sort enhanced visualisation of normal anatomy with potential use of augmented reality superimposed on three-dimensional printed models
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608320/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101701
work_keys_str_mv AT geerlingsbattjade enhancedvisualisationofnormalanatomywithpotentialuseofaugmentedrealitysuperimposedonthreedimensionalprintedmodels
AT tillettcarley enhancedvisualisationofnormalanatomywithpotentialuseofaugmentedrealitysuperimposedonthreedimensionalprintedmodels
AT guptaashu enhancedvisualisationofnormalanatomywithpotentialuseofaugmentedrealitysuperimposedonthreedimensionalprintedmodels
AT sunzhonghua enhancedvisualisationofnormalanatomywithpotentialuseofaugmentedrealitysuperimposedonthreedimensionalprintedmodels