Cargando…

Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data

Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca(2+) signals are transduced with the help of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca(2+)-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) e...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Villalobo, Eduardo, Gutiérrez, Gabriel, Villalobo, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608856/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296191
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101915
_version_ 1784818871114399744
author Villalobo, Eduardo
Gutiérrez, Gabriel
Villalobo, Antonio
author_facet Villalobo, Eduardo
Gutiérrez, Gabriel
Villalobo, Antonio
author_sort Villalobo, Eduardo
collection PubMed
description Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca(2+) signals are transduced with the help of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca(2+)-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) emerged as the prototypical model in eukaryotic cells. This is a small protein that binds four Ca(2+) ions and whose functions are multiple, controlling many essential aspects of cell physiology. CaM is universally distributed in eukaryotes, from multicellular organisms, such as human and land plants, to unicellular microorganisms, such as yeasts and ciliates. Here, we review most of the information gathered on CaM in Paramecium, a group of ciliates. We condense the information here by mentioning that mature Paramecium CaM is a 148 amino acid-long protein codified by a single gene, as in other eukaryotic microorganisms. In these ciliates, the protein is notoriously localized and regulates cilia function and can stimulate the activity of some enzymes. When Paramecium CaM is mutated, cells show flawed locomotion and/or exocytosis. We further widen this and additional information in the text, focusing on genomic data.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9608856
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-96088562022-10-28 Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data Villalobo, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Gabriel Villalobo, Antonio Microorganisms Review Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca(2+) signals are transduced with the help of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca(2+)-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) emerged as the prototypical model in eukaryotic cells. This is a small protein that binds four Ca(2+) ions and whose functions are multiple, controlling many essential aspects of cell physiology. CaM is universally distributed in eukaryotes, from multicellular organisms, such as human and land plants, to unicellular microorganisms, such as yeasts and ciliates. Here, we review most of the information gathered on CaM in Paramecium, a group of ciliates. We condense the information here by mentioning that mature Paramecium CaM is a 148 amino acid-long protein codified by a single gene, as in other eukaryotic microorganisms. In these ciliates, the protein is notoriously localized and regulates cilia function and can stimulate the activity of some enzymes. When Paramecium CaM is mutated, cells show flawed locomotion and/or exocytosis. We further widen this and additional information in the text, focusing on genomic data. MDPI 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9608856/ /pubmed/36296191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101915 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Villalobo, Eduardo
Gutiérrez, Gabriel
Villalobo, Antonio
Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title_full Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title_fullStr Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title_full_unstemmed Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title_short Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data
title_sort calmodulin in paramecium: focus on genomic data
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9608856/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296191
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101915
work_keys_str_mv AT villaloboeduardo calmodulininparameciumfocusongenomicdata
AT gutierrezgabriel calmodulininparameciumfocusongenomicdata
AT villaloboantonio calmodulininparameciumfocusongenomicdata