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Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus
Mushrooms have unique properties in arsenic metabolism. In many commercial and wild-grown mushrooms, arsenobetaine (AsB), a non-toxic arsenical, was found as the dominant arsenic species. The AsB biosynthesis remains unknown, so we designed experiments to study conditions for AsB formation in the wh...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36287835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100554 |
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author | Dong, Owen Powers, Michael Liu, Zijuan Yoshinaga, Masafumi |
author_facet | Dong, Owen Powers, Michael Liu, Zijuan Yoshinaga, Masafumi |
author_sort | Dong, Owen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mushrooms have unique properties in arsenic metabolism. In many commercial and wild-grown mushrooms, arsenobetaine (AsB), a non-toxic arsenical, was found as the dominant arsenic species. The AsB biosynthesis remains unknown, so we designed experiments to study conditions for AsB formation in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. The mushrooms were treated with various arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), methylarsenate (MAs(V)), dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAsO), and their accumulation and metabolism were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS), respectively. Our results showed that mycelia have a higher accumulation for inorganic arsenicals while fruiting bodies showed higher accumulation for methylated arsenic species. Two major arsenic metabolites were produced in fruiting bodies: DMAs(V) and AsB. Among tested arsenicals, only MAs(V) was methylated to DMAs(V). Surprisingly, AsB was only detected as the major arsenic product when TMAsO was supplied. Additionally, AsB was only detected in the fruiting body, but not mycelium, suggesting that methylated products were transported to the fruiting body for arsenobetaine formation. Overall, our results support that methylation and AsB formation are two connected pathways where trimethylated arsenic is the optimal precursor for AsB formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9609160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96091602022-10-28 Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus Dong, Owen Powers, Michael Liu, Zijuan Yoshinaga, Masafumi Toxics Article Mushrooms have unique properties in arsenic metabolism. In many commercial and wild-grown mushrooms, arsenobetaine (AsB), a non-toxic arsenical, was found as the dominant arsenic species. The AsB biosynthesis remains unknown, so we designed experiments to study conditions for AsB formation in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. The mushrooms were treated with various arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), methylarsenate (MAs(V)), dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAsO), and their accumulation and metabolism were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS), respectively. Our results showed that mycelia have a higher accumulation for inorganic arsenicals while fruiting bodies showed higher accumulation for methylated arsenic species. Two major arsenic metabolites were produced in fruiting bodies: DMAs(V) and AsB. Among tested arsenicals, only MAs(V) was methylated to DMAs(V). Surprisingly, AsB was only detected as the major arsenic product when TMAsO was supplied. Additionally, AsB was only detected in the fruiting body, but not mycelium, suggesting that methylated products were transported to the fruiting body for arsenobetaine formation. Overall, our results support that methylation and AsB formation are two connected pathways where trimethylated arsenic is the optimal precursor for AsB formation. MDPI 2022-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9609160/ /pubmed/36287835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100554 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dong, Owen Powers, Michael Liu, Zijuan Yoshinaga, Masafumi Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title | Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title_full | Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title_fullStr | Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title_full_unstemmed | Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title_short | Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus |
title_sort | arsenic metabolism, toxicity and accumulation in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36287835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100554 |
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